TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OH)3.
This colourless to white solid with a faint odor is a triol.
Containing three hydroxy functional groups, TMP is a widely used building block in the polymer industry.
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE is mainly consumed as a precursor to alkyd resins.
Otherwise, acrylated and alkoxylated TMP’s are used as multifunctional monomers to produce various coatings.
Ethoxylated and propoxylated TMP, derived condensation of from TMP and the epoxides, are used for production of flexible polyurethanes.
Allyl ether derivatives of TMP, with the formula CH3CH2C(CH2OCH2CH=CH2)3-x(CH2OH)x are precursors to high-gloss coatings and ion exchange resins.
The oxetane “TMPO” is a photoinduceable polymerisation initiator
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a high-quality intermediate that is used primarily for the production of alkyd resins, which are used in paints and coatings.
It also serves to produce lubricants
Synonyms
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-; 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol; 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol; Ethriol; Ethyltrimethylolmethane; Etriol; Ettriol; Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-; Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-; TMP; TMP (VAN); TMP (alcohol); Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; Propylidynetrimethanol; Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-; [ChemIDplus]
Sources/Uses
Used to make varnishes, alkyd resins, polyesters, UV cross linking agents, and esters; Also used in synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lube oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, epoxidation products, and as a cross-linking agent for spandex fibers; [HSDB] Used to make resins in closed systems;
CAS Number: 77-99-6
HS Number: 290541
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE has three hydroxyl groups. It is a white material in flakes.
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE is used in saturated polyesters for coil coatings, alkyds for paints, polyurethanes for coatings and elastomers, acrylic acid esters for radiation curing, esters for synthetic lubricants, rosin esters and for surface treatment of pigments.
Trimethylolpropane is used in a large variety of commercial applications, including in the manufacturer of varnishes, resins; polyesters for polyurethane foams, textile finishes, plastictzers, and cross-linking agents for spandex fibers.
EC / List no.: 201-074-9
CAS no.: 77-99-6
Mol. formula: C6H14O3
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
DESCRIPTION
Empirical formula: C 6 H 14 O 3
Molecular weight : 134.2 g / mol
Delivery form: White chips. The product is hygroscopic.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP, etriol) is a trihydric alcohol with the structural formula СН3СН2С (СН2ОН) 3, which is the most important raw material for the production of polyurethanes, alkyd and some epoxy resins, fiberglass plastics, plasticizers, polyesters, as well as several types of lubricants.
Such a widespread use of trimethylolpropane is due to the content of three primary hydroxyl groups in its structure, which puts trimethylolpropane on a par with such essential products as glycerin and pentaerythritol, but in comparison with the aforementioned substances, trimethylolpropane leads to an improvement in the quality of final products. However, due to the high cost, it is used for the production of only special compositions. Alkyd resins based on trimethylolpropane have a low color, which is due to its lower melting point compared to the same pentaerythritol, as well as high heat resistance. TMP is most suitable for the production of lean alkyd resins and medium fat alkyd resins used in baked coatings. Trimethylolpropane is especially effective in lean, non-drying resins combined with amino-formaldehyde, in particular, due to the fact that the consumption of amino-formaldehyde resin in combination with trimethylolpropane is much lower than with glycerin. The resulting coatings, in comparison with similar glyphthalic coatings, dry faster, have increased hardness, have good color and gloss stability, better adhesion, resistance to alkaline media, dust and water. In addition, coatings based on trimethylolpropane have excellent elasticity.
In commercial quantities, trimethylolpropane is obtained by condensation of normal butyraldehyde with formaldehyde in the presence of calcium or magnesium hydroxides. After synthesis, trimethylolpropane is thoroughly purified from sodium or calcium salts and dried.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is supplied in the form of white scales in 25 kg bags, as well as in 500 or 1000 kg big bags on pallets.
Application
Used in the chemical industry, for example, as an intermediate for the synthesis of alkyd resins, polyesters, synthetic lubricants, polyurethane coatings, polyurethane films, radiation curing monomers / oligomers, dispersants.
SPECIFICATIONS
Index Value
Hydroxyl number Min. 1235 mg KOH / g
Acidity 0.002%
Ash content 0.001%
Flash point 184 ° C
Packaging:
– 25 kg polyethylene bags, 1000 kg per pallet
– 500 kg big bags
– 1000 kg big bags
Storage:
When stored under standard conditions in the original packaging, the product retains its properties for 6 months.
Trimethylolpropane
77-99-6
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
Trimethylol propane
Ethriol
Hexaglycerine
Ettriol
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE
Etriol
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
TMP (alcohol)
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
Propylidynetrimethanol
Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
UNII-090GDF4HBD
NSC 3576
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
HSDB 5218
EINECS 201-074-9
BRN 1698309
090GDF4HBD
AI3-24124
MFCD00004694
Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 98%
trimethylol-propane
9D2
1,1-Trimethylolpropane
ACMC-1BNS1
DSSTox_CID_6448
EC 201-074-9
DSSTox_RID_78116
DSSTox_GSID_26448
Oprea1_508416
SCHEMBL15026
4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
KSC377E8P
1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
CHEMBL3185136
DTXSID2026448
CTK2H7287
KS-00000UIG
NSC3576
1, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Propane,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
ZINC388288
Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
NSC-3576
Tox21_200028
ANW-37143
BBL012231
SBB061433
STL163569
AKOS005715709
MCULE-6600552830
NE10346
CAS-77-99-6
NCGC00248497-01
NCGC00257582-01
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 97%
Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
K377
SC-91960
VS-03244
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propan-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol
LS-120405
2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
FT-0605956
ST51047451
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dihydroxypropane
55367-EP2371805A1
Q161270
F0001-1980
Z1815149363
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, dist., >=98.0% (GC)
59359-44-3
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
Propylidynetrimethanol
EC Inventory
propylidynetrimethanol
CAS names
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
IUPAC names
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane (TMP)
2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
Propylidynetrimethanol
propylidynetrimethanol
Propylidynetrimethanol
propylidynetrimethanol
TMP
Trimethylol propane
TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
Trimethylolpropan
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
Trimethylolpropane
Trimethylpropane
Trimethylpropane (CAS 77-99-6)
Trade names
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1,1-TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- (8CI, 9CI)
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
2,2-DIHYDROXYMETHYLBUTANOL-1
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN-1.3-DIOL
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
Ethriol
ETHYLTRIMETHYLOLMETHAN
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
Ettriol
HEXAGLYCERIN
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
PROPYL-1,1,1-TRIS(METHANOL)
RC Crosslinker TR
TMP
TMP (alcohol)
TRIMETHYLOLPROPAN
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE
Trimethylolpropane
Trimethylolpropane (TMP)
TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPAN
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
Chemical Properties
Trimethylolpropane is a Colorless, hygroscopic crystals. Soluble in water and alcohol. Combustible.The three primary hydroxyl groups undergo the normal OH group reactions.
Uses
Conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, epoxidation products.
Uses
Large quantities of trimethylolpropane and its ethoxylated derivatives are used as precursors for urethanes and polyester resins.
Another important field of application is in medium-oil and short-oil alkyd resins (→Alkyd Resins).
The resulting lacquers are characterized by excellent resistance to alkali, detergents, and water, combined with outstanding impact resistance and flexibility, as well as excellent clearness and clearness retention.
Reaction products with fatty acids (C5 –C10) are components of synthetic lubricants.
A strongly growing market will be the use of these blended polyol esters in chlorine-free, purely fluorocarbon based refrigerant systems.
Powder and high-solids coatings represent a strong potential market for TMP, because it contributes to low viscosity.
TMP acrylates are used as reactive diluents in UV-cured systems for inks and coatings, and TMP allyl ethers in unsaturated polyesters.
Chemical Synthesis
Trimethylolpropane is made by the base-catalyzed aldol addition of butyraldehyde with formaldehyde followed by Cannizzaro reaction of the intermediate 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) butanal with additional formaldehyde and at least a stoichiometric quantity of base.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from acetone and ether and it distils at high vacuum
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE, DIST.
TrimethanolPropane
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Trimethylol
Abbreviation
propylidynetrimethanol
Trimethylolpropane, carbamate with tolylene diisocyanate solution
Trimethyloy propane
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE(TMP)
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethy1)propane
TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE (2-ETHYL-2-HYDROXYMETHYLPROPANE) TMP
2-ETHYL-2-HYDROXYMETHYLPROPANE-1,3-DIOL
Trimethylolpropan
Perstorp Trimethylolpropane (TMP)
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, Trimethylolpropane
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol,98%
1,1,1-Propanetriyltrismethanol
1,1′,1”-Propylidynetrimethanol
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol
1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane ／Hexaglycerine
TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE
(propanetriyl)tris-methano
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxy)propane
1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-propan
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol[qr]
2,2-Dihydroxymethylbutanol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-propanediol
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
1,1,1-tris(
2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-3-propanediol
1,1,1-N-Tris(hydoxymethyl)propane
Trimethylol propane
3-Propanediol,2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1
Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
Ethriol
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
Etriol
Ettriol
Hexaglycerine
Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
TMP (Alcohol)
tmp(alcohol)
tmp[alcohol]
Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol Hexaglycerol 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1,3-PROPANEDIO
TMP, TriMethylol propane
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxyMethyl)propane (TMP)
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxyMethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 98% 1KG
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxyMethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 98% 500GR
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane dist., >=98.0% (GC)
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol for synthesis
HEXAGLYCEROL
2,2′-DIHYDROXYMETHYL-1-BUTANOL
2,2-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1-BUTANOL
2-ETHYL-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
1,1,1-TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PROPANE
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is an alcohol and is being produced by the reaction of Formaldehyde with n-Butyraldehyde.
Trimethylolpropane is a intermediate product of the synthetic of polyetherpolyole, polyesterpolyole and polyurethane.
Trimethylolpropane is an triol.
CAS-No. 77-99-6
EINECS-No. 201-074-9
Chemical formula: C6H14O3
Synonym: Hexaglycerol | TMP | 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol | 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
Uses/applications: Polyurethane-foams and Coatings, Polyesterpolyol, Polyester and Alkyd resins, Glues, Lubricating Oils.
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- [ACD/Index Name]
1698309 [Beilstein]
201-074-9 [EINECS]
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Éthyl-2-(hydroxyméthyl)-1,3-propanediol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
77-99-6 [RN]
MFCD00004694 [MDL number]
Q1X2&1Q1Q [WLN]
Trimethylolpropane [Wiki]
TY6470000
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1,1-Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane; 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane; 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane; 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol; 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol
1,1,1-trimethylolpropane 97%
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane, propoxylated
1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (tmp)
1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane 98%
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane-d5
101377-62-2 [RN]
103782-76-9 [RN]
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol
2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
2,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carbaldehyde
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) 1,3-propanediol
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 3-propanediol
2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 98%
2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanediol
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol
2-ethyl-2-methylol-propane-1,3-diol
4-01-00-02786 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
824-11-3 [RN]
9D2
Butan-1-ol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
butane-1,1,1-triol
Butanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
c6h14o3
EINECS 201-074-9
Ethriol
ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
Ethyltrimethylolmethane
Etriol
Ettriol
Hexaglycerine
Hexaglycerol
http:////www.amadischem.com/proen/605114/
Methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-
METHANOL, [(1,1-DIMETHYLPROPYL)DIOXY]-
MFCD00152500
Oprea1_508416
Propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
Propylidynetrimethanol
Propylidynetris(methanol), 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane, 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
TMP
Tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
Trimethylol propane
trimethylolpropane, ???
Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
VS-03244
Use: TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE is widely used as a building block in the polymer industry.
Trimethylolpropane is also used as a conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, and epoxy products.
Synonyms:
butan-1-ol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-
2- ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2- ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane diol
2- ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
2- ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
2- ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol
hexaglycerine
1,1,1-tris( hydroxymethyl) propane
2,2-bis( hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
1,1,1-tris( hydroxymethyl)propane
methanol, (propanetriyl)tris-
propane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-
1,3- propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,3-
propylidynetrimethanol
tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
1,1,1- tri(hydroxymethyl)propane
trimethylol propane
1,1,1- trimethylolpropane
Product Name: Trimethylolpropane
Chemical Name: 2,2-Dihydroxymethylbutanol-1
Synonym(s): 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane
1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol
Hexaglycerol
CAS Number: 77-99-6
Description
Overview: Trimethylolpropane is a white solid in flake or powder form at ambient temperatures.
The chemical is shipped and used in a liquid (hot melt) form.
Liquid form trimethylolpropane is colorless and has a mild odor.
Uses: Trimethylolpropane is used as an additive or intermediate in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, synthetic lubricants, polyurethane foams, lacquers, glues, adhesives, dyes, pigments, paints and silicone products.
Properties: Melting Point:
Boiling Point:
Flash Point:
Solubility in Water:
138.2°F (58°C) Approx.
579°F (304°C)
372°F (189°C) Soluble
Potential Human Health Effects
Occupational Exposure
Potential for occupational exposure to trimethylolpropane exists during manufacture, at transloading, storage and staging areas and in mixing or sampling operations.
A much lower potential for exposure exists in facilities using the chemical in closed manufacturing processes by trained personnel.
Employee Training Workers handling trimethylolpropane are trained to implement proper handling procedures and to understand the potential health and physical hazards of this product.
A NIOSH approved airpurifying particulate respirator may be required in work environments with insufficient ventilation.
In addition, ATAMAN recommends that goggles, permeation resistant clothing, gloves and foot protection be worn when handling trimethylolpropane.
Consumer Exposure ATAMAN CHEMICALS does not sell trimethylolpropane to the general public.
Consumers may be exposed to trace amounts of the chemical from the handling of products manufactured using the chemical as an ingredient.
Short-Term Health Effects Inhalation or ingestion of trimethylolpropane dust may induce a cough.
Contact with heated (liquid) trimethylolpropane may cause thermal burns.
Mechanical irritation may occur when in contact with the eyes.
Long-Term Health Effects
No applicable information was found concerning any adverse chronic health effects from overexposure to this product.
Physical Hazards
Trimethylolpropane is stable under normal conditions of use.
Avoid contact with moisture in storage.
Avoid contact with phosphorus compounds, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and strong oxidizing agents.
Heating to decomposition may release carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other potentially toxic fumes.
Potential Environmental Impact
Trimethylolpropane is readily biodegradable. An accidental release to water may pose a danger to fish (low toxicity), invertebrates (low toxicity) and other aquatic organisms (low toxicity) prior to degradation.
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Conclusion
Under normal conditions of anticipated use as described in this Product Safety Assessment, and if the recommended safe use and handling procedures are followed, trimethylolpropane is not expected to pose a significant risk to human health or the environment.
Applications
Acrylates
Alkyd resins
Chemical Industry
Chemical synthesis
Coating Dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners
Electric insulation coating
Energy Glues and adhesives
Hardener and crosslinking agents for polymeres
Lubricants and oils
Manufacturing of coating
Manufacturing of dyestuffs
Manufacturing of glues and adhesives
Manufacturing of peroxides
Manufacturing of pigments
Manufacturing of plastics
Manufacturing of printing inks
Petrochemicals Petroleum
Pigments Plastic- and Rubberpolymers
Polyester Polyester resins
Polyethers/polyoles
Polymer auxiliaries
Polyurethane resins
Polyurethanes
Silicon products
Specialities
Synthetic lubricants
Textile auxiliaries
Textile industry
Synonyms
2,2-Bis-hydroxymethyl-1-butanol 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol Hexaglycerin TMP Trimethylolpropane 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane Tripropane 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) is a colorless hygroscopic solid crystal that is soluble in water and alcohol.
TMP is widely used as a building block in the polymer industry.
It is also used as a conditioning agent, manufacture of varnishes, alkyd resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings, silicone lubricant oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, and epoxy products.
Trimethylolpropane by ATAMAN CHEMICALS is a trifunctional alcohol intermediate.
Used as crosslinking agent. Used for the synthesis of glues and adhesives. It is characterised by a high stability against light and environmental influences. The structure of Trimethylolpropane leads to a balanced ratio of stability and flexibility in the products.
Trimethylolpropane esters useful as base lubricants for motor oils
Abstract
A trimethylolpropane ester composition useful as lubricant base for motor-car engines is prepared by total esterification of trimethylolpropane by means of a mixture of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids comprising 6-33% by mole of dicarboxylic acids having 4-19 carbon atoms and 94-67 % by mole of monocarboxylic acids whereof 5-90% consists of sparingly branched acids comprising 15-30 carbon atoms and 95-10% of straight chain acids comprising 2-30 carbon atoms.
It is well-known that trimethylol-propane esters are widely used as lubricants for aircraft.
In the past few years, it has been proposed to use them also for manufacturing oils for motor-car engines, but the trimethylol-propane esters which are commonly manufactured for use in aircraft, have low viscosities, of 3 to 7 cST at 98.9° C, so that they are not satisfactory for use as motor oils whose viscosity must be usually far higher than 7 cSt at 98.9° C.
Due to the global drive towards biodegradable products, trimethylolpropane [2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 3-propanediol] (TMP) esters based on palm and palm kernel oils were synthesized, their lubrication properties evaluated, and their potential as base stock for biodegradable lubricants assessed.
Two types of TMP esters were considered: palm kernel (PKOTE) and palm oil (PPOTE) TMP esters, derived from palm oil and palm kernel methyl esters, respectively.
Lubrication properties such as viscosity, viscosity index (VI) and pour point (PP) were determined according to methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials.
Wear and friction properties were evaluated using a four-ball test machine, while oxidative stability was studied with the Penn State Micro-oxidation thin-film test.
High VI ranges between 170 to 200 were recorded for these base stocks. PP were relatively high, between 4 to —1 °C, but were improved to at least —33 °C in high oleic palm oil TMP esters. The effects of chemical structure and impurities on wear properties and oxidative stability were also studied.
The presence of methyl esters was found to improve wear, but hydroxyl groups in mono- and diesters had negative effects at high concentrations.
Differences in chemical structures of PKOTE and PPOTE were shown to affect friction and wear results. Both base fluids exhibit oxidative stability comparable to other high oleic base fluids.
Trimethylolpropane triesters are biodegradable synthetic lubricant base oil alternative to mineral oils, polyalphaolefins and diesters.
These oils can be produced from trimethylolpropane (TMP) and fatty acid methyl esters via chemical or enzymatic catalyzed synthesis methods.
In the present study, a commercial palm oil derived winter grade biodiesel (ME18) was evaluated as a viable and sustainable methyl ester source for the synthesis of high oleic trimethylolpropane triesters (HO-TMPTE).
ME18 has fatty acid profile containing 86.8% oleic acid, 8.7% linoleic acid with the remaining minor concentration of palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid.
It’s high oleic property makes it superior to produce synthetic lubricant base oil that fulfills both the good low temperature property as well as good oxidative stability.
The synthetic base oil produced had a viscosity of 44.3 mm(2)/s at 40°C meeting the needs for ISO 46 oils.
It also exhibited an excellent viscosity index of 219 that is higher than some other commercial brands of trimethylolpropane trioleate.
Properties of base oil such as cloud point, density, acid value, demulsibility and soap content were also examined.
The oil was then used in the formulation of tapping oil and appraised in term of adaptability, stability and field test performance.