BENZOYL PEROXIDE
BENZOYL PEROXIDE
Benzoyl peroxide = Dibenzoyl peroxide = BPO
CAS Number: 94-36-0
Molecular Weight: 242.23
MDL number: MFCD00003071
EC Index Number: 202-327-6
Benzoyl peroxide comes in cleansing liquid or bar, lotion, cream, and gel for use on the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide usually is used one or two times daily. Start with once daily to see how your skin reacts to this medication.
Follow the directions of Benzoyl peroxide on the package or on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Use benzoyl peroxide exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than directed by your doctor.
Apply a small amount of the benzoyl peroxide product to one or two small areas you want to treat for 3 days when you begin to use this medication for the first time.
If no reaction or discomfort occurs, use the product as directed on the package or on your prescription label.
The cleansing liquid and bar are used to wash the affected area as directed.
Benzyol peroxide and salicylic acid are both great at treating acne—but they have different strengths.
While benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial that attacks P.acnes, salicylic acid is an exfoliant that helps clear out the dead skin and oil that clogs up pores.
Benzoyl peroxide deals with pimples and cystic acne (since they’re caused by bacteria) and salicylic acid better at treating whiteheads and blackheads (since they’re caused by blocked, clogged pores).
To use Benzoyl peroxide as lotion, cream, or gel, first wash the affected skin areas and gently pat dry with a towel.
Then apply of Benzoyl peroxide, a small amount of benzoyl Peroxide, rub it in gently.
Avoid anything that may irritate your skin (e.g., abrasive soaps or cleansers, alcohol-containing products, cosmetics or soaps that dry the skin, medicated cosmetics, sunlight, and sunlamps) unless directed otherwise by your doctor.
Benzoyl peroxide may take 4 to 6 weeks to see the effects of this medication.
If your acne does not improve after this time, call your doctor.
Do not allow medication to get into your eyes, mouth, and nose.
Do not use benzoyl peroxide on children less than 12 years of age without talking to a doctor.
What is benzoyl peroxide?
Benzoyl peroxide is a well-known ingredient for fighting acne.
Available in over-the-counter (OTC) gels, cleansers, and spot treatments, Benzoyl peroxide comes in different concentrations for mild to moderate breakouts.
While benzoyl peroxide can effectively get rid of bacteria and dead skin cells that clog your pores, Benzoyl peroxide has limitations.
Is benzoyl peroxide good for acne?
Benzoyl peroxide works to treat and prevent acne by killing bacteria underneath the skin, as well as helping the pores shed dead skin cells and excess sebum (oil).
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Benzoyl peroxides structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Benzoyl peroxide is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
As a bleach, Benzoyl peroxide has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.
In specialized contexts, the name for Benzoyl peroxide may be abbreviated as BPO.
As a medication, benzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Benzoyl peroxide is on the WHO List of Essential Medicines, and, in the US, Benzoyl peroxide is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Benzoyl peroxide is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
Benzoyl peroxide is also used in the plastics industry and for bleaching flour, hair, and textiles.
Benzoyl peroxide for pimples
Benzoyl peroxide works particularly well for inflammatory acne, which is characterized by red bumps that contain pus — pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules — instead of whiteheads and blackheads.
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication used to treat acne breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide’s found in many different forms, from cleansers, lotions, creams, gels, and toner-like solutions.
In fact, if you’ve tried blemish-fighting skin care products at point, you’ve likely already used this ingredient.
Benzoyl peroxide’s a very common ingredient in over-the-counter acne products.
Benzoyl peroxide is an antimicrobial, which means it helps reduce the amount of acne-causing bacteria on the skin.3
Less bacteria leads to less breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide also helps keep the pores clear from blockages.
Benzoyl peroxide’s the most effective over-the-counter acne treatment available.
Benzoyl peroxide for cystic acne
Cystic acne is considered the most serious form of acne, which also makes it the most difficult to treat.
Benzoyl peroxide’s characterized by hard bumps below the surface of your skin.
While these pimples may have pus deep inside them, it’s difficult to identify any prominent “heads.”
P. acnes bacteria is one contributor to cystic acne, which benzoyl peroxide may help treat in combination with prescription medications.
If you have this type of acne, consult a dermatologist for your best treatment options.
Benzoyl peroxide for blackheads and whiteheads
Blackheads and whiteheads are still considered acne.
However, they are classified as noninflammatory because they don’t cause the red bumps that are associated with other types of acne pimples.
You may be dealing with both of these types of acne and might be wondering if you can use benzoyl peroxide for noninflammatory spots too.
While benzoyl peroxide can help treat oil and dead skill cells that clog your pores, this may not be the best treatment option available for blackheads and whiteheads.
While benzoyl peroxide does help treat certain types of acne, topical retinoids are considered the first line of treatment.
Benzoyl peroxide includes adapalene and tretinoin.
Some adapalene products, such as Differin Gel, are available OTC.
Tretinoin products require a prescription.
Benzoyl peroxide for acne scars
Acne scars are sometimes a result of an acne outbreak.
This is especially the case with inflammatory acne, even if you successfully resist the urge to pick at the lesions.
Acne scars can worsen with sun exposure, so it’s important to wear sunscreen every day.
In theory, benzoyl peroxide could also help shed dead skin cells and make the scars less prominent.
However, research doesn’t support this use.
Benzoyl peroxide has three actions – it kills germs (bacteria), it reduces inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.
You can buy benzoyl peroxide without a prescription at a pharmacy.
Benzoyl peroxide comes in different brand names and strengths – there is a 2.5%, 4%, 5% and 10% strength.
Benzoyl peroxide is also available in combination preparations used for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide can be combined with an antibiotic called clindamycin, or with another medicine used for acne, called adapalene.
Both of these preparations need to be prescribed by a doctor, and should be used as directed by the doctor.
How to use benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide comes in the form of many acne treatment products.
Benzoyl peroxide’s important to select the right one for your skin care concern as well as preference.
For example, you may prefer to use a wash formulated specifically for your body rather than your face.
Or you might decide to choose a gel.
Another key is to choose the appropriate concentration.
The concentration that you choose to use may depend on your skin.
Some people can tolerate products with a high percentage of benzoyl peroxide (up to 10 percent) on their skin.
Others may prefer a lower percentage.
What concentration to use also depends on where you apply the benzoyl peroxide.
The face is rather sensitive, so many choose to use a lower concentration (around 4 percent) in that area, while the chest and back are more resilient and can tolerate a higher concentration.
Benzoyl peroxide may be found in the following acne treatment products:
What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children.
Store Benzoyl peroxide at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been an important component of topical therapy for acne vulgaris for more than five decades due to its ability to markedly reduce Propionibacterium acnes and inflammatory acne lesions and its ability to moderately reduce noninflammatory acne lesions.
Unlike antibiotics, which induce alterations in bacterial structure, specific enzymes, and/or nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, BPO is directly toxic to P. acnes and other bacteria.
As a result, BPO has not been associated with the development of P. acnes resistance.
In addition, studies with leave-on formulations of BPO demonstrate reduction in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes strains in patients treated concurrently with topical antibiotics, such as erythromycin or clindamycin.
Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them.
However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet.
Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program.
Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community.
See the FDA’s Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) for more information if you do not have access to a take-back program.
storage conditions: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: <1 hPa ( 20 °C)
autoignition temp.: >380 °C
potency: 7710 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
reaction suitability:
reagent type: oxidant
mp: 100-105 °C (decomposition)
density: 1.33 g/cm3 at 25 °C
bulk density: 500‑600 kg/m3
InChI: 1S/C14H10O4/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-18-14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
InChI key: OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-Nv
Benzoyl peroxide is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers (such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily.
To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location – one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach.
What other information should I know about Benzoyl peroxide?
Keep all appointments with your doctor.
Benzoyl peroxide is for external use only.
Do not let benzoyl peroxide get into your eyes, nose, or mouth, and do not swallow it.
Do not apply dressings, bandages, cosmetics, lotions, or other skin medications to the area being treated unless your doctor tells you.
Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used topical treatment for mild acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is safe for adults and children and can be used in pregnancy.
Benzoyl peroxide has the following properties:
Antiseptic: Benzoyl peroxide reduces the number of skin surface bacteria (but Benzoyl peroxide does not cause bacterial resistance and in fact can reduce bacterial resistance if this has arisen from antibiotic therapy).
Benzoyl peroxide also reduces the number of yeasts on the skin surface.
Oxidizing agent: this makes Benzoyl peroxide keratolytic and comedolytic (Benzoyl peroxide reduces the number of comedones).
Anti-inflammatory action.
Benzoyl peroxide is available as cream, gel, lotion and washes at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5 % and 10 %. It may be combined with other topical or oral therapy.
Benzoyl peroxide is especially valuable in combination with topical or oral antibiotics as it may reduce the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Epiduo gel: benzoyl peroxide with adapalene, a topical retinoid
Duac Once Daily gel: benzoyl peroxide with clindamycin, a topical antibiotic
How to use benzoyl peroxide products
Make sure the skin is clean and dry before applying
Apply a thin smear to areas of skin affected by acne, initially every second night, then build up to once or twice daily as tolerated
Benzoyl peroxide can be used on the face as well as the trunk
Be patient: acne responds very slowly to treatment.
Benzoyl peroxide may take several months to notice an improvement
Keep benzoyl peroxide away from your hair and colored fabrics because it may bleach them.
Do not let anyone else use your medication.
Tell your doctor if your skin condition gets worse or does not go away.
Benzoyl peroxide is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements.
You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital.
Benzoyl peroxide is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.
Acne treatment
Benzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.
Benzoyl peroxide does not induce antibiotic resistance.
Benzoyl peroxide may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides[citation needed].
Combination products such as benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.
Products that contain Benzoyl peroxide
Many different products contain benzoyl peroxide.
People can buy these products in the form of:
-face washes
-body washes
-creams or ointments
-gels
Some products combine benzoyl peroxide with other ingredients, which could make it more effective in treating certain types of acne.
Certain OTC benzoyl peroxide products may also contain potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, which can kill microorganisms on the skin.
Other benzoyl peroxide products are prescription-only and may contain antibiotics or retinoids.
How to use it
A person may want to start using benzoyl peroxide gradually, to see how Benzoyl peroxide affects their skin.
If the skin becomes overly dry or begins to peel, Benzoyl peroxide may be best to use benzoyl peroxide less frequently.
As a general rule, people can use benzoyl peroxide once every 1–2 days until the skin becomes used to it.
Benzoyl peroxide is important to wash the hands before and after using benzoyl peroxide.
This can prevent the transfer of bacteria from the hands to the face or to other surfaces.
Benzoyl peroxide is best to avoid direct sunlight while using benzoyl peroxide treatments.
In fact, people may find that the best time to apply benzoyl peroxide is before bed.
People should also wear SPF 30 or higher during the day.
Benzoyl peroxide comes in different percentage amounts.
For 5% benzoyl peroxide gel, people can follow these steps:
-Wash the skin with a mild cleanser and water.
-Gently pat the skin dry.
-Apply a thin layer of the gel to the acne-affected area of skin.
-To use a 5% benzoyl peroxide wash, people can follow these steps:
Wet the areas of acne-affected skin.
Smooth a small amount of Benzoyl peroxide over the skin with the hands.
Keep the wash on the skin for no longer than 1–2 minutes.
Rinse the wash off thoroughly with water, and gently pat dry.
Repeat these steps once or twice per day.
Benzoyl peroxide is important to note that products with 5% benzoyl peroxide may take up to 4 weeks to start working.
Mechanism of action
Classically, benzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of benzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Benzoyl peroxide can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal, and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that benzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations Benzoyl peroxide prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.
Benzoyl peroxide kills bacteria.
Benzoyl peroxide works quickly (as soon as five days!).
Benzoyl peroxide as an added bonus, benzoyl peroxide prevents antibiotic resistance.
acne creams and lotions: Benzoyl peroxide is typically applied once or twice a day on the entire area of skin as both a treatment and preventive measure
face washes and foams: Benzoyl peroxide used once or twice a day to help prevent acne and treat existing lesions
acne body washes and soaps: Benzoyl peroxide is ideal if you have frequent breakouts on the chest, back, and other areas of the body
gels: Benzoyl peroxide tend to come in the form of spot treatments with higher concentrations and are typically applied only to the affected area
Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Benzoyl peroxide may be used in combination with other acne treatments.
When applied to the skin, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.
Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before.
The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients.
Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes.
Taking the wrong product could harm you.
How to use Benzoyl Peroxide Gel
Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using Benzoyl peroxide and each time you get a refill.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Before using this product for the first time, check if you are allergic to Benzoyl peroxide.
To check, put a small amount on one or two small areas of acne for three days.
If you have an allergic reaction, stop using Benzoyl peroxide and get medical help right away (see the symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Side Effects section).
If you don’t have an allergic reaction, you can use Benzoyl peroxide.
There are many benzoyl peroxide products available.
Many can be purchased without a prescription.
Some products (such as cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist on the choice of Benzoyl peroxide is best for you.
If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read and follow all directions on the product package before using this medication.
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, use Benzoyl peroxide as directed.
Some products require shaking before use.
Check your product package to see if your form of Benzoyl peroxide needs to be shaken.
Apply benzoyl peroxide to the areas of your skin affected by acne.
Avoid getting this medication into your eyes, inside your nose or mouth, or on any areas of broken skin since Benzoyl peroxide may cause irritation.
If this occurs, flush the area with plenty of water.
Benzoyl peroxide may bleach hair or fabrics.
Use Benzoyl peroxide carefully, and avoid contact with hair, clothing, and furnishings.
If using cleansers containing benzoyl peroxide, wet the affected area.
Gently rub the cleanser into the skin for 10-20 seconds.
Work into a full lather and rinse thoroughly and then pat dry.
If too much drying occurs, you may need to rinse the cleanser off sooner or use Benzoyl peroxide less often.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further details.
If you are using the liquid wash, cleansing pad, or cleanser bar, use Benzoyl peroxide instead of soap once or twice a day.
Wet the skin before applying, gently work up a lather for 10 to 20 seconds, and rinse thoroughly.
Do not scrub the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide has an antibacterial effect.
Benzoyl peroxide also has a mild drying effect, which allows excess oils and dirt to be easily washed away from the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide topical (for the skin) is used to treat acne.
There are many brands and forms of benzoyl peroxide available.
Not all brands are listed on this leaflet.
Benzoyl peroxide topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What should I do if I forget a dose of Benzoyl peroxide?
Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember Benzoyl peroxide.
However, if Benzoyl peroxide is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule.
Do not apply Benzoyl peroxide for a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can Benzoyl peroxide cause?
Benzoyl peroxide may cause side effects.
Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
-dryness or peeling of skin
-feeling of warmth
-tingling
-slight stinging
People can use benzoyl peroxide topically on the skin to help treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal substance, which means that it kills bacteria.
When a person applies it to the skin, benzoyl peroxide works against Propionibacterium acnes, which are the bacteria involved in causing acne.
Unlike topical antibiotic treatments for acne, such as clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide does not lead to antibiotic resistance.
People can find benzoyl peroxide in over-the-counter (OTC) topical treatments or in lower concentrations in supermarket products, such as face and body washes.
Benzoyl peroxide also has bleaching qualities.
Products for hair bleaching and teeth whitening may contain higher concentrations of this ingredient.
Proper Use of Benzoyl peroxide:
Drug information provided by: IBM Micromedex
Use Benzoyl peroxide only as directed by your doctor.
Do not use more of Benzoyl peroxide and do not use Benzoyl peroxide more often than recommended on the label, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
To do so may cause irritation of the skin.
Benzoyl peroxide is for use only on the skin.
Do not use Benzoyl peroxide in or around the eyes or lips, or inside the nose, or on sensitive areas of the neck.
Spread Benzoyl peroxide away from these areas when applying.
If Benzoyl peroxide gets on these areas, wash with water at once.
Benzoyl peroxide usually comes with patient directions.
Read the instructions carefully.
Ask your doctor if you have any questions.
How To Use Benzoyl Peroxide For Acne?
Benzoyl peroxide is recommended to apply this solution twice a day in all the affected areas.
When you initially start using Benzoyl peroxide, you will be prescribed to use a strength of about 4%- 5% of the solution to avoid skin irritation.
And, the strength of the solution is gradually increased based on how the skin reacts to Benzoyl peroxide.
Note that creams and gels are advised to be applied for about fifteen minutes before you wash the affected area and pat it dry with a clean towel.
While using ‘face wash’; you must wet your skin first.
Then gently wash the areas which are affected.
Keep Benzoyl peroxide for a minute before rinsing it off.
Pat the area dry, using a clean dry towel.
Once your skin is used to Benzoyl peroxide, you can apply Benzoyl peroxide twice a day and leave Benzoyl peroxide on.
Do You Need A Prescription For Benzoyl Peroxide?
Benzoyl peroxide is available over the counter and comes in several forms – cream, gel, lotion, soap and face wash in concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 percent.
You don’t need a prescription to buy these products.
Although benzoyl peroxide is a harmless antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent, there is a possibility that it may not be suitable for your skin.
Common side effects of BPO include dry skin, scaling, redness, burning and stinging.
Benzoyl peroxide is rare for the benzoyl peroxide to interfere with other drugs.
Considering the side effects, consulting a dermatologist is safe before using any such product.
How Long Can You Apply Benzoyl Peroxide?
You may apply Benzoyl peroxide twice a day or as per the direction of your dermatologist.
Post application, you must leave Benzoyl peroxide for 15 minutes or as directed.
A course of benzoyl peroxide mat need upto 6 weeks to deliver good results.
However, this duration of treatment may vary based on the severity of the condition and individual skin type.
What Happens If You Stop Using Benzoyl Peroxide?
Benzoyl peroxide is not a cure for acne, but, Benzoyl peroxide treats acne and helps in reducing skin bacteria.
If you apply benzoyl peroxide continuously for a certain period of time, Benzoyl peroxide results in reduction of acne lesions.
Therefore, once you stop using Benzoyl peroxide, the bacteria that is causing acne, will reoccur and as a result your acne will re-appear.
What Are The Side Effects Of Benzoyl Peroxide?
There are no known major long-term side effects of benzoyl peroxide.
As Benzoyl peroxide reduces the oil production of the skin, Benzoyl peroxide results in dry skin, which can be tackled using a non-oily moisturizer.
In some cases, you may observe redness and skin irritation, which is rarely severe and does not last longer than a week.
Benzoyl peroxide is proven that benzoyl peroxide can decrease skin bacteria, although Benzoyl peroxide does not cause bacterial resistance.
Other common temporary side effects of BPO are:
-Mild stinging
-Burning
-Itching
-Tingly feeling
-Skin dryness
-Peeling
-Flaking
-Redness or other irritation
-Benzoyl Peroxide Vs Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is a popular alternative to benzoyl peroxide, which is easily available.
Salicylic acid is known to remove dead skin, so, while benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial agent, salicylic acid is a keratolytic agent.
Salicylic acid is available in a variety of forms, including gel, cream, face wash or medicated pad.
Benzoyl Peroxide Vs Vitamin A Creams
Vitamin A creams, such as retin A, differin and renova, are a good alternative to benzoyl peroxide and are known to help in treating acne effectively.
These creams contain retinol and comprise of a less concentrated form of Vitamin A.
Can Benzoyl Peroxide Damage Skin?
Benzoyl peroxide is rare that benzoyl peroxide, when topically applied on the skin, reacts to other drugs that are taken orally or are injected into the body.
Here are certain safety tips:
Benzoyl peroxide is always better to seek advice from your dermatologist to weigh all the pros and cons of using Benzoyl peroxide before you start using it.
Benzoyl peroxide is important to understand that benzoyl peroxide does not react well when used with tretinoin, which is a topical medicine capable of causing severe skin irritation.
Keep this chemical away from your mouth and eyes, while applying Benzoyl peroxide on the affected areas.
Additionally, do not use benzoyl peroxide if your skin is sunburned, dry, chapped or irritated.
Benzoyl peroxide is also recommended to avoid Benzoyl peroxide on open wounds or areas of eczema, until these areas are fully healed.
Benzoyl peroxide is important to remember that you need to avoid the sensitive areas of your skin/face such as nostrils, eyes and mouth, while applying benzoyl peroxide.
Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular mass: 242.2
Decomposes at 103-105°C
Density: 1.3 g/cm³
Solubility in water: poor
Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: <0.1
Auto-ignition temperature: 80°C
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.46
Before using an OTC acne product for the first time, apply a small amount to one or two small affected areas of the skin for 3 days.
If no discomfort occurs, follow the directions on the drug facts label of the product.
Do not apply this medicine to windburned or sunburned skin or on open wounds, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
To use the cream, gel, lotion, or stick:
-Before applying, wash the affected area with a nonmedicated soap and water or with a mild cleanser and then gently pat dry with a towel.
-Apply enough medicine to cover the affected areas, and rub in gently.
To use the shave cream:
-Wet the area to be shaved.
-Apply a small amount of the shave cream and gently rub over entire area.
-Shave.
-Rinse the area and pat dry.
-After-shave lotions or other drying face products should not be used without checking with your doctor first.
-To use the cleansing bar, cleansing lotion, or soap:
-Use to wash the affected areas as directed.
Benzoyl peroxide is a medicine you use to treat acne.
Benzoyl peroxide comes in different strengths in lotions, gels, soaps, and liquids.
How does benzoyl peroxide treat acne?
Benzoyl peroxide unclogs skin pores.
Benzoyl peroxide also helps stop bacteria from growing and causing acne pimples and cystic lesions.
At first, acne may get worse.
Your skin may get red and peel.
Benzoyl peroxide’s not a quick fix.
You may need to use the product for as long as 4 to 6 weeks before your acne starts improving.
Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is recognized for significantly reducing the population of Propionibacterium acnes (P.Acnes), the anaerobic bacteria whose proliferation is ultimately connected with the inflammatory reaction associated with acne breakouts.
Because benzoyl peroxide is directly toxic to P.Acnes, it remains highly efficient after repeated use, when antibiotic-resistant P.Acnes can start developing resistance to traditional antibiotic treatments, such as clindamycin or erythromycin.
This unique mode of action contributes to the documented efficacy of benzoyl peroxide.
But benzoyl peroxide is not just an OTC treatment.
Benzoyl peroxide’s also available in stronger prescription strengths, and is an active ingredient in many combination prescription acne treatments, like:
BenzaClin, Acanya, Onexton and Duac (all containing benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin)
Benzamycin (benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin)
Epiduo (benzoyl peroxide and adapalene)
Benzoyl peroxide is a commonly used drug in topical treatments for acne.
Benzoyl peroxide has been formulated as products with either a single active ingredient, or with erythromycin, clindamycin, or adapalene.
After administration, the peroxide bond is cleaved, allowing benzoyloxy radicals to nonspecifically interact with proteins.
This treatment decreases keratin and sebum around follicles, as well as increasing turnover of epithelial cells.
Benzoyl Peroxide
acetoxyl
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Benzoyl Peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide is a multipurpose medication and industrial chemical that can subtly be used as an industrial chemical as well as a topical treatment for treating acne and Psoriasis.
As a medication, Benzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
For more severe cases Benzoyl peroxide may be used together with other skincare treatments.
Some versions come mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
What makes benzoyl peroxide ideal acne treatment is the fact that Benzoyl peroxide can easily be used along with other acne treatments.
Benzoyl peroxide’s drying and peeling effect makes Benzoyl peroxide a good solution for oily skin prone to acne breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide is metabolized in the skin (predominantly in the upper layers of the epidermis) to benzoic acid and free oxygen radicals.
The former lowers skin pH, the latter disrupts microbial cell membranes.
Benzoyl peroxide has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that persists for 48 h even when conditions for bacterial growth are optimal.
Benzoyl peroxide has also been shown to be keratoplastic by inhibiting the epidermal metabolism and DNA synthesis.
Benzoyl peroxide has been shown to decrease metabolism of sebaceous gland cells in humans but whether sebum production is actually decreased is controversial.
Free fatty acids decrease in sebum of human patients treated with benzoyl peroxide, presumably because of its antibacterial effect, as bacterial lipases are responsible for production of free fatty acids.
Benzoyl peroxide is also believed to have a follicular flushing action.
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Does Benzoyl peroxide have side effects?
Side effects of benzyl peroxide for some people include:
-Dry or peeling skin.
-Skin that feels warm.
-Tingling or slight stinging.
While using a product that contains benzoyl peroxide, call a doctor if you develop:
-A rash or itching.
-Blisters or a burning feeling.
-Redness.
-Swelling.
What types of acne does benzoyl peroxide treat?
“Although Benzoyl peroxide can work for all types of acne, Benzoyl peroxide can be especially helpful for the red, inflamed bumps,” Garshick explains.
Krant concurs, saying that while Benzoyl peroxide can help with acne in all of Benzoyl peroxides many forms, benzoyl peroxide is “more obviously effective with comedonal (black and whiteheads) and pustular (small red bumps with white tips) [acne].”
In some cases, however, benzoyl peroxide can also help with cystic acne, which is the deepest, and most painful, type.
What is the best way to use benzoyl peroxide to treat acne?
You don’t need a prescription for benzoyl peroxide. Like we said, take a stroll down the drugstore skin-care aisle and you’ll spot it everywhere.
The percentage of the ingredient in over-the-counter products ranges from 2.5 to 10%, however, Benzoyl peroxide’s not necessarily the percentage you should be focused on.
Interestingly, both Krant and Garshick maintain that benzoyl peroxide is just as effective in treating acne at 2.5% and 5% as it is at 10%.
The difference, both dermatologists say, is that the higher percentages run the risk of irritating or drying out the skin too much.
While everyone’s acne is different, in general, Jerdan advises patients to stick within the 3 to 5% range.
In addition to this wide range of active-ingredient percentages, benzoyl peroxide also comes in a wide range of different product types.
You’ll find it in facial cleansers, scrubs, masks, spot treatments, and other types of leave-on creams.
With so many options, how are you supposed to choose the right formulation and product type?
Kathryn Dempsey, a dermatologist in Alabama, suggests the following guidelines.
For rinse-off products, such as a cleanser or scrub, start with 4% and increase, as tolerated, up to 10.
On the lower end of the spectrum, we love PanOxyl Acne Creamy Wash and Paula’s Choice Daily Skin Clearing Treatment.
Who should not use this product?
Talk to a doctor before allowing a child younger than 12 to use a product that contains benzoyl peroxide.
To use the facial mask:
Before applying, wash the affected area with a nonmedicated cleanser.
Then rinse and pat dry.
Using a circular motion, apply a thin layer of the mask evenly over the affected area.
Allow the mask to dry for 15 to 25 minutes.
Then rinse thoroughly with warm water and pat dry.
After applying the medicine, wash your hands to remove any medicine that might remain on them.
You should not wash the areas of the skin treated with benzoyl peroxide for at least 1 hour after application.
Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients.
Follow your doctor’s orders or the directions on the label.
The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine.
If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine.
Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For acne:
For topical dosage form (cleansing bar):
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Use two or three times a day, or as directed by your doctor.
Children younger than 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For topical dosage forms (cleansing lotion, cream, or gel):
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Use on the affected area(s) of the skin one or two times a day.
Children younger than 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For topical dosage form (facial mask):
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Use once a week or as directed by your doctor.
Children younger than 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For topical dosage form (lotion):
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Use on the affected area(s) of the skin one to four times a day.
Children younger than 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For topical dosage form (stick):
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Use on the affected area(s) of the skin one to three times a day.
Children younger than 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible.
However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
Some side effects may be serious.
If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor immediately or get emergency medical treatment:
-burning, blistering, redness, or swelling of the area of the treated area
-rash
If you experience any of the following symptoms, stop using benzoyl peroxide and call your doctor immediately or get emergency medical help:
-hives
-itching
-throat tightness
-difficulty breathing
-feeling faint
-swelling of the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
Side effects of using benzoyl peroxide on the skin
While considered safe for most people, benzoyl peroxide can cause side effects.
This is especially the case when you first start using the product.
Benzoyl peroxide may be helpful to use it once a day, and then build up the frequency in application over time if your skin can tolerate it.
You can also minimize side effects by starting with a lower concentration.
Talk to a dermatologist about the following side effects and precautions of using benzoyl peroxide for acne.
Skin side effects
Benzoyl peroxide works by peeling away the skin to get rid of dead skin cells, excessive oil, and bacteria that may be trapped underneath.
Such effects can lead to dryness, as well as redness and excessive peeling.
You might notice itching and general irritation at the site of application too.
Don’t use benzoyl peroxide if you have a sunburn.
Stained clothing and hair
Benzoyl peroxide is known for staining clothing and hair.
Make sure you wash your hands thoroughly after each use.
You might also consider skipping an application right before a workout so you don’t transfer the product to your hair and clothing via sweat.
Allergic reactions
While allergic reactions from benzoyl peroxide are considered rare, they are still possible.
Stop using the product immediately if the treated areas have redness and irritation.
You should go to an emergency room right away if you have severe swelling and breathing difficulties, as these may be signs of an allergic reaction.
Benzoyl peroxide and skin conditions
A dermatologist may not recommend benzoyl peroxide if you have sensitive skin, as this skin type is more prone to side effects such as rashes and irritation.
Benzoyl peroxide also might not be the best choice if you have eczema or seborrheic dermatitis.
Benzoyl peroxide vs. salicylic acid for acne
While benzoyl peroxide is a staple for treating inflammatory acne, it’s worth considering salicylic acid if you also have noninflammatory acne (blackheads and whiteheads).
Both help clean pores, but salicylic acid’s primary role is to get rid of dead skin cells.
Such exfoliating effects may help treat noninflammatory lesions.
Benzoyl peroxide also won’t stain your hair or clothing like benzoyl peroxide can.
But Benzoyl peroxide can still lead to dry, red, and peeling skin, especially when you first start using a product containing salicylic acid.
As a rule of thumb, if you have inflammatory acne along with oily, less sensitive skin, benzoyl peroxide may be the better choice.
Other OTC acne treatments
Benzoyl peroxide isn’t your only treatment option for acne and acne scars.
Other OTC products can help treat bacteria, excessive oil, and dead skin cells too.
Consider the following treatments:
-salicylic acid
-sulfur
-tea tree oil
-adapalene
Before using benzoyl peroxide;
-tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to benzoyl peroxide, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in benzoyl peroxide products.
-Ask your pharmacist or check the package label for a list of the ingredients.
-tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, including vitamins.
-tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
-If you become pregnant while using benzoyl peroxide, call your doctor.
If using the shaving cream, first wet the area to be shaved.
Apply a small amount of the medication, gently rub into the area, and then shave.
If you are using a cream, foam, lotion, or gel, apply Benzoyl peroxide to the affected area as directed, usually once or twice a day.
Before applying each dose, gently wash the affected area with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and rub in gently.
Some products may require rinsing off after application for a certain amount of time.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be rinsed off.
If you are using the medicated pads or sponges, wash the affected skin with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Wipe the pad or sponge gently onto the skin to apply the medication, usually once or twice a day to the skin as directed.
The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.
Improvement in acne is usually seen after 3 weeks of use, and maximum benefit after 8-12 weeks of use.
Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than directed.
Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.
If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.