TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
Triethylene glycol, TEG, or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Triethylene glycol is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers.
Triethylene glycol is also used in air sanitizer products, such as “Oust” or “Clean and Pure”.
When aerosolized it acts as a disinfectant.
Glycols are also used as liquid desiccants for natural gas and in air conditioning systems.
Triethylene glycol is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for “smoke machine” fluid in the entertainment industry.
Properties
Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Triethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.
Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, TEG is known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids.
This liquid is miscible with water, and at a pressure of 101.325 kPa has a boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of -7 °C.
Triethylene glycol is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
Triethylene glycol is a poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.
It has a role as a plasticiser.
It is a poly(ethylene glycol), a diol and a primary alcohol.
Triethylene Glycol is widely used as a solvent.
It has a high flash point, emits no toxic vapors, and is not absorbed through the skin.
CAS: No. 112-27-6
EINECS: No. 203-953-2
Synonyms: Triethylene glycol; Ethanol, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)di-; Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether; Trigen; Triglycol; TEG; 1,2-Bis(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethane; 2,2′-Ethylenedioxydiethanol; 3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol; Di-β-hydroxyethoxyethane; 2,2′-Ethylenedioxyethanol; Trigenos; 2,2′-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol); Triethylenglykol; Trigol
Triethylene glycol is viscous at room temperature. It is colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting.
It is miscible in water in all ratios.
Triethylene Glycol (TEG)
Triethylene glycol (TEG) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor.
It is non-flammable, mildly toxic, and considered non-hazardous.
TEG is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
It is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is a liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O4 or HOCH2CH2CH2O2CH2OH.
Its CAS is 112-27-6. TEG is recognized for its hygroscopic quality and ability to dehumidify fluids.
It is miscible with water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, and aldehydes.
It is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons.
TEG is commercially produced as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at a high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono, di, tri, and tetraethylene glycols.
The oil and gas industries use TEG to dehydrate natural gas as well as other gases including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Industrial uses include adsorbents and absorbents, functional fluids in both closed and open systems, Intermediates, petroleum production processing aids, and solvents.
TEG is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.
Preparation
TEG is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols.
Applications
TEG is used by the oil and gas industry to “dehydrate” natural gas.
It may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
It is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas.
Triethylene glycol is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips the water out of the gas.
Triethylene glycol is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the TEG for continuous reuse within the system.
The waste TEG produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste.
Triethylene glycol is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria, influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi.
However, its exceptionally low toxicity, broad materials compatibility, and low odor combined with its antimicrobial properties indicates that it approaches the ideal for air disinfection purposes in occupied spaces.
Much of the scientific work with triethylene glycol was done in the 1940s and 1950s, however that work has ably demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against airborne, solution suspension, and surface bound microbes.
The ability of triethylene glycol to inactivate Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Influenza A virus in the air was first reported in 1943.
Since the first report the following microorganisms have been reported in the literature to be inactivated in the air: Penicillium notatum spores, Chlamydophila psittaci, Group C streptococcus, type 1 pneumococcus, Staphylococcus albus, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens Bizio (ATCC 274).
Solutions of triethylene glycol are known to be antimicrobial toward suspensions of Penicillium notatum spores, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, and Mycobacterium bovis.
Further, the inactivation of H1N1 influenza A virus on surfaces has been demonstrated.
The latter investigation suggests that triethylene glycol may prove to be a potent weapon against future influenza epidemics and pandemics.
However, at least some viruses, including Pseudomonas phage phi6 become more infectious when treated with triethylene glycol.
Preferred IUPAC name: 2,2′-[Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]di(ethan-1-ol)
Other names: 2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
Triglycol
CAS Number: 112-27-6
Properties
Chemical formula: C6H14O4
Molar mass: 150.174 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.1255 g/mL
Melting point: −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K)
Boiling point: 285 °C (545 °F; 558 K)
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
112-27-6
Triglycol
2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol
2,2′-Ethylenedioxydiethanol
Triethyleneglycol
Trigen
Triethylenglykol
1,2-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2,2′-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol
Ethanol, 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
Di-beta-hydroxyethoxyethane
2,2′-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol)
2,2′-Ethylenedioxyethanol
2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol
Triethylene glcol
Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether
Caswell No. 888
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether
Trigol
TEG
Triethylenglykol [Czech]
Bis(2-hydroxyethoxyethane)
Ethanol, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)di-
NSC 60758
HSDB 898
UNII-3P5SU53360
2,2′-(1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy))bisethanol
Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether)
EINECS 203-953-2
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083501
2-[2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHANOL
BRN 0969357
Di-.beta.-hydroxyethoxyethane
AI3-01453
CHEBI:44926
Ethanol, 2,2′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis-
MFCD00002880
3P5SU53360
NCGC00163798-03
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol
Triethylene glycol, 99%
DSSTox_CID_1393
DSSTox_RID_76135
DSSTox_GSID_21393
2,2′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethan-1-ol)
MFCD00081839
CAS-112-27-6
Trigenos
triethylenglycol
CCRIS 8926
triethylene-glycol
Triethyleneglycol,
Tri-ethylene glycol
3,8-diol
Polyethyleneglycol 300
ACMC-1C4BE
Polyethylene glycol 1500
EC 203-953-2
Polyethylene Glycol 2000
Triethylene glycol, puriss.
Polyethylene glycol 8,000
Polyethylene Glycol 6,000
SCHEMBL14929
WLN: Q2O2O2Q
3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol
4-01-00-02400 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
KSC909E5P
di(2-ethylbutyrate), diacetate
Ethanol,2′-(ethylenedioxy)di-
CHEMBL1235259
DTXSID4021393
Triethylene Glycol Reagent Grade
CTK8A9257
NSC60758
PEG 2000
STR02345
ZINC1690436
Tox21_112073
Tox21_202440
Tox21_300306
ANW-16436
LS-550
MFCD01779596
MFCD01779599
MFCD01779601
MFCD01779603
MFCD01779605
MFCD01779609
MFCD01779611
MFCD01779612
MFCD01779614
MFC01779615
MFCD01779616
NSC-60758
STL282716
AKOS000120013
Triethylene Glycol (Industrial Grade)
CS-W018156
DB02327
HY-W017440
MCULE-7605038595
Polyethylene oxide, M.W. 100,000
Polyethylene oxide, M.W. 300,000
NCGC00163798-01
NCGC00163798-02
NCGC00163798-04
NCGC00163798-05
NCGC00163798-06
NCGC00254097-01
NCGC00259989-01
2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol #
AK-72565
BP-21036
Polythylene oxide, M.W. 1,000,000
SC-79003
Polyethylene glycol (PEG), 50% solution
Triethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Ethanol,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
Polyethylene oxide, M.W. >5,000,000
Triethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=96.0%
Q420630
SR-01000944720
Triethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
J-506706
SR-01000944720-1
2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol 112-27-6
F0001-0256
Triethylene glycol, BioUltra, anhydrous, >=99.0% (GC)
Z1318198494
alpha,omega-Bis-hydroxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-WM 3.000 Dalton)
Triethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),??-hydro-??-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),??-hydro-??-hydroxy- Ethane-1,2-diol, ethoxylated 1 – 4.5 moles ethoxylated
This product is often used to dehydrate natural gas and as a cement grinding aid.
Uses:
Antifreeze
Coolants
Chemical intermediates
Gas dehydration and treating
Heat transfer fluids
Polyester resins
Solvents
Benefits:
Versatile intermediates
Low volatility
Low boiling point
TETRA EG is completely miscible with water and a wide range of organic solvents.
Triethylene glycol is the next higher molecular weight polymer after diethylene glycol in the series of polyethylene glycols
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is a larger molecule than MEG, DEG and has two ether groups.
It is less clear and less hygroscopic than DEG, but has a higher boiling point, density and viscosity.
Triethylene glycol is an odorless, colorless liquid also known as triglycol or TEG.
Its chemical formula is C6H14O4, and its CAS number is 112-27-6.
It has a high viscosity and boiling point, as well as a number of unique properties that are used in manufacturing and industry.
Triethylene glycol is a type of dihydroxy alcohol.
It is viscous and miscible with water. Its molar mass is 150.17 g·mol−1.
It has a 1.1255 g/mL density, a boiling point of 545 degrees Fahrenheit (285°C), and a melting point of 19°F (-7°C).
Production of triethylene glycol involves oxidizing ethylene at high temperatures using a silver oxide catalyst.
This process produces ethylene oxide, which is refined to produce mono-, di-, or triethylene glycol.
• Synonyms: TEG, triglycol
• INCI: Triethylene Glycol
• Chemical formula: C6H14O4
• CAS # 112-27-6
• Oil & Gas – Natural gas refineries use TEG to dehydrate natural gas, among other substances. Doing so helps prevent pipeline damage due to freezing and other issues that can affect the quality of the product when it reaches its end user.
• Personal Care: Cosmetics, hair conditioner, shampoo
• Coatings & Construction: cleaning compounds, emulsifier, freeze point depressant, ink solvent, steam set printing ink, unsaturated polyester resin, plasticizer
• Other: TEG is a common plasticizer used to improve the flexibility of vinyl polymers. Its low color and low volatility make it suitable for use in flooring, automotive safety glass, and residential and commercial windows.
• HI&I: TEG has natural antimicrobial properties that, combined with its low odor and low toxicity, make it a useful component of air sanitizers and other home products. TEG is effective against airborne, solution-suspended, and surface-bound microbes such as E. coli., pneumococcus, and influenza A, among other pathogens.
• Textiles: TEG is used in textile dyeing
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL ICSC: 1160
2,2′-(1,2-Ethanediyl bis (oxy))-bisethanol
2,2′-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol)
Triglycol March 1996
CAS #: 112-27-6
EC Number: 203-953-2
TEG is used as a plasticizer for vinyl. It is also used in air sanitizer products, such as “Oust” or “Clean and Pure”.
When aerosolized it acts as a disinfectant.
Glycols are also used as liquid desiccants for natural gas and in air conditioning systems.
It is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for “smoke machine” fluid in the entertainment industry.
Furthermore, TEG is used by the oil and gas industry to “dehydrate” natural gas.
It may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
It is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas.
Triethylene glycol is used as a plasticizer, as an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, and as a disinfectant.
It is an active component of certain pigments, printing dyes, inks and paste.
It finds application as a liquid desiccant and used in the dehydration of natural gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and air conditioning systems.
It plays as an important role in anti-freeze and de-icing products, cleaning and furnishing care products, lubricant and greases.
Notes
Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids and bases
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
Product description Triethylene glycol is a transparent liquid, a by-product of ethylene and diethylene glycol production.
It is used in the chemical industry (production of low-freezing liquids, oligoester acrylates), as well as in oil and gas production (as a drying agent).
TRIETHYLENEGLYCOL
Triethylene Glycol is a clear, colorless, odorless, hygroscopic liquid.
Uses: A dehydrating agent for natural gas, a solvent and lubricant in textile dyeing and printing, a plasticizer; a raw material for the production of polyester resins and polyols, a humectant, a constituent of hydraulic fluids, and a selective solvent for aromatics.
CAS# (112-27-6)
Substance name:triethyleneglycol
Trade name:Triethyleneglycol
EC no:203-953-2
CAS no:112-27-6
HS code:29094980
KH product code:100073
Formula:C6H14O4
Synonyms:1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane / 2,2′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)bis(ethanol)) / 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanol / 2,2′-ethylenedioxybis(ethanol) / 2,2′-ethylenedioxydiethanol / 2,2-ethylenedioxydiethanol / 2,2′-ethylenedioxyethanol / 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diol / corexit 2921 / corexit 8467 / di-beta-hydroxyethoxyethane / dicaproate / ethanol, 2,2′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- / ethylene glycol bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether) / ethyleneglycol dihydroxydiethyl ether / formula No 78467 / glycolbis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether / glycolbis(hydroxyethyl)ether / triethyleneglycol, anhydrous / trigen / triglycol / trigol)
Definition and Structure Triethylene Glycol (CAS No. 112-27-6) is the aliphatic alcohol that conforms generally to the formula H-(O-CH2-CH2)3- OH.
It is also known as 2,2 -[1,2-Ethanediylbis(Oxy)]Bisethanol and Ethanol, 2,2 -[1,2-Ethanediylbis(Oxy)]Bis (Pepe et al. 2002). Polyethylene Glycol-4 (CAS Nos. 112-60-7 and 25322-68- 3) is the polymer of ethylene oxide that conforms generally to the formula H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH, in which n has an average value of 4 (Pepe et al. 2002) and a range of 2 to 8 ethylene oxide units (Schick 1966).
Chemical and physical properties of Triethylene Glycol and PEG-4 Property Triethylene Glycol PEG-4 Molecular weight 150.17 (Budavari 1989) 190–210 (Budavari 1989)
Relative density 1.1274
Specific gravity 1.126
Freezing point −4.3◦C
Method of Manufacture
Triethylene Glycol is prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene.
It is manufactured by forming a ether-ester of HOCH2COOH with glycol and then hydrogenating (Budavari 1989).
According to the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (Kroschwitz 1999), Triethylene Glycol is described as an oligomer of ethylene glycol.
So-called polyglycols are higher molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide and distinguished by intervening ether linkages in the hydrocarbon chain
Analytical Methods Triethylene Glycol and PEG-4 have been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Kawai et al. 1978) and gasliquid chromatography (Sigma-Adldrich 2001a, 2001b). Triethylene Glycol has been measured in rat and rabbit urine using vapor phase chromatography and colorimetry (McKennis et al. 1962). PEG-4 has been identified from a mixture of low-molecularweight PEGs using thin-layer and gel permutation chromatography (Sloan et al. 1983). Impurities Commercial grade Triethylene Glycol has been found to contain Method of Manufacture Triethylene Glycol is prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene. It is manufactured by forming a ether-ester of HOCH2COOH with glycol and then hydrogenating (Budavari 1989). According to the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (Kroschwitz 1999), Triethylene Glycol is described as an oligomer of ethylene glycol. So-called polyglycols are higher molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide and distinguished by intervening ether linkages in the hydrocarbon chain
Cosmetic Triethylene Glycol functions in cosmetic products as a fragrance ingredient and as a viscosity-decreasing agent. Frequency of use data for Triethylene Glycol in cosmetic products, as provided by industry to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001 as part of a voluntary program, are shown in Table 2.
The maximum concentration of use of Triethylene Glycol reported to CTFA (2002) was 0.08% in skin-cleansing products.
Opdyke (1979) reported the uses of Triethylene Glycol in cosmetic products as described in Table 3.
PEG-4 functions in cosmetic products as a solvent and as a humectant.
The maximum concentration of use of PEG-4 reported to CTFA (2002) was 20% in the “other manicuring preparations” product category.
The use of neither Triethylene Glycol nor PEG-4 in cosmetic products is restricted in Japan (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare [MHLW] 2001a, 2001b).
Neither ingredient is restricted in any way under the rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union (European Commission 2002).
Noncosmetic Triethylene Glycol is used in various plastics to increase pliability; in air disinfectants; as a solvent and plasticizer in vinyl, polyester, and polyurethane resins; in dehydration of natural gas; as a humectant in printing inks; as an extraction solvent; and as a fungicide and solvent for nitrocellulose (NTP 2001b).
Triethylene Glycol has also been identified as a main ingredient (99.9% Triethylene Glycol) in a brake fluid (Vassiliadis et al. 1999).
The largest industrial use (about 50%) of PEG-4 is in oil refineries as part of a process of aromatic extraction from refined products.
The second largest use (about 40%) of PEG-4 is in the production of plasticizers (Union Carbide 1989b).
PEG4 is also used as a water-soluble lubricant for rubber molds, textile fabrics, and metal-forming operations; in food and food packaging; as a chemical intermediate; in the manufacture of plasticizers, softeners and ointments; in water-based paints; in paper coatings; in polishes; in ceramics; and in pharmaceuticals (NTP 2001a
TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
CAS number: 112-27-6
INCI name: TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
EINECS/ELINCS number: 203-953-2
Classification: Glycol
Its functions (INCI)
Masking : Reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product
Viscosity controlling : Increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics
Perfuming : Used for perfume and aromatic raw materials
Application Insights
Natural gas dehydration was the largest application of TEG in 2015 accounting for more than half of the global consumption and is expected to be the fastest-growing segment over the forecast period owing to recent developments in natural gas production in U.S and Canada.
Apart from natural gas dehydration, TEG is used to produce a variety of products for industrial and commercial use including solvents, adhesives & coatings, lubricants, polyurethane foams, emulsifiers, and thermoplastics.
Increasing penetration of plastic in various consumer goods such as kitchenware, containers, and industrial products has triggered the demand for plasticizers which in turn is expected to fuel the market growth.
It is also used as a reactant in the production of polyester resins which are used in numerous end-use industries such as construction materials, textiles, packaging, automotive bodies, and electrical appliances.
TEG is an excellent solvent and used in several applications including cleaning compounds, printing inks, and aromatic hydrocarbon separations.
However, the market in the abovementioned applications is dominated by lower grades of ethylene glycols such as MEG and DEG, which is expected to have a negative impact on the demand.
Chemical Properties
Triethylene glycol is a clear, colorless, viscous, stable liquid with a slightly sweetish odor.
Soluble in water; immiscible with benzene, toluene, and gasoline.
Combustible.
Because it has two ether and two hydroxyl groups its chemical properties are closety related to ethers and primary alcohols.
It is a good solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, steam-set printing inks and wood stains.
With a low vapor pressure and a high boiling point, its uses and properties are similar to those of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
Because it is an efficient hygroscopic agent it serves as a liquid desiccant for removing water from natural gas.
It is also used in air conditioning systems designed to dehumidify air.
Uses
triethylene glycol is a solvent prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol.
Uses
In various plastics to increase pliability; in air disinfection.
Definition
ChEBI: A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.
Production Methods
Triethylene glycol, like diethylene glycol, is produced commercially as a by-product of ethylene glycol production.
Its formation is favored by a high ethylene oxide to water ratio.
General Description
Colorless liquid with a mild odor. Dense than water.
Reactivity Profile
2,2′-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol is a ether-alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Reacts with strong oxidants.
Health Hazard
Vapor and liquid are unlikely to cause harm.
Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction;
Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions;
Stability During Transport: Stable;
Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent;
Polymerization: Not pertinent;
Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous route.
Mildly toxic to humans by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects.
An eye and skin irritant.
Many glycol ether compounds have dangerous human reproductive effects.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
Can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame, or spark.
To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Purification Methods
Dry the glycol with CaSO4 for 1 week, then it is repeatedly and very slowly fractionally distilled under a vacuum.
Store it in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5.
It is very hygroscopic.
Triethylene glycol Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
ETHYLENE OXIDE
Oxygen
USES
Natural gas dehydration, 53 percent; solvents, 12 percent; plasticizers, 12 percent; polyurethanes, 8 percent; humectants, 4 percent; unsaturated polyester resins, 4 percent; miscellaneous, including coating resins and textile lubricants, 7 percent.
STRENGTH
Triethylene glycol is a better performer in natural gas dehydration than diethylene glycol. Gas dehydration accounts for more than 50 percent of TEG consumption, and it is the only growth area—growing at approximately 2 percent per year for the past five years.
Other application areas are stable, if not actually growing, in volume.
TEG competes with diethylene glycol in these other applications.
WEAKNESS
Unlike diethylene glycol, TEG is not merely a surplus byproduct.
Producers also make TEG on purpose by adding ethylene oxide to diethylene glycol to satisfy any demand that exceeds the supply from coproduction with ethylene glycol.
Thus producers have better control over the supply-demand situation and, until recently, this has been a more profitable product.
Because of the high prices being paid this year for diethylene glycol, it had not been economically favorable to manufacture from diethylene glycol until TEG’s market price recently increased to more than 50c. per pound.
On the demand side, TEG’s growth in applications outside of use in drying natural gas are likely to remain stagnant, as TEG competes at a cost disadvantage with other glycols.
Consequently, it is limited to those applications where its higher boiling point or lower volatility is valued.
OUTLOOK
The market for TEG has become considerably tighter this year, following the lead of ethylene and diethylene glycol.
The firm demand and tight supply situation has driven up TEG prices to new highs—more than 50 percent above last yearís price range.
The tight supply situation and high pricing are expected to continue for the short term as the fundamental problem facing the ethylene glycols market is a lack of new capacity.
For the past two years, there has been little new ethylene/diethylene glycol capacity added despite escalating demand.
However, starting in the fourth quarter of this year, the global market will see significant new capacity come on stream, mostly in the Middle East.
Over the forecast period, TEG demand growth in the U.S. is expected to rise by 1.5 percent annually.
triethylene glycol (CHEBI:44926) has role plasticiser
triethylene glycol (CHEBI:44926) is a diol
triethylene glycol (CHEBI:44926) is a poly(ethylene glycol)
triethylene glycol (CHEBI:44926) is a primary alcohol
triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (CHEBI:84233) has functional parent triethylene glycol
Synonyms Sources
1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2,2′-ethylenedioxybis(ethanol)
2,2′-ethylenedioxydiethanol
2-[2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHANOL PDBeChem
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diol
di-β-hydroxyethoxyethane
TEG ChemIDplus
Triethylene glycol
Triethylenglykol
triglycol
Use: Triethylene glycol is used as a solvent and plasticizer in vinyl, resins, and polyesters.
It is also used as a dehydrator of natural gas, humectant in printing inks, and as an extraction solvent.
2,2′-( ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol
2,2′-[ ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol
2,2′-(1,2- ethanediylbis(oxy))bisethanol
2,2′-[1,2- ethanediylbis(oxy)]diethanol
ethanol, 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
2,2′-( ethylene dioxy)diethanol
ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether
2,2′-( ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2′- ethylenedioxybis(ethanol)
2,2′- ethylenedioxydiethanol
2-[2-(2- hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethanol
1,2-bis(2- hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2-[2-(2- hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
TEG
triethyleneglycol
trigen
triglycol
TEG is a colorless, odorless, non-volatile and hygroscopic liquid.
It is characterized by two hydroxyl groups along with two ether linkages which contribute to its high water solubility, hygroscopicity and its ability to neutralize airborne odor-causing bacteria, TEG can be prepared commercially by the oxidation of ethylene at high temperatures in the presence of a silver oxide catalyst, following by hydration of the ethylene oxide to yield mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-ethylene glycol products.
TEG has low toxicity
Name: Triethylene Glycol Brand names: Triethylene Glycol Chemical name (IUPAC): 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-ethanol
CAS number: 112-27-6
EC number: 203-953-2
Molecular formula: C6H14O4
Uses and Applications
Triethylene glycol, commonly referred to as TEG, is similar in properties to diethylene glycol (DEG), but with a higher boiling point, viscosity and specific gravity.
It is used where a high boiling point and low volatility are important.
The major use of TEG is in the drying of natural gas, due to its strong hygroscopic properties.
TEG is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of vinyl plasticizers, polyester resins, adhesives, and a variety of solvents and cleaners.
Physical / Chemical Properties
At ambient temperature triethylene glycol is a colorless liquid with little or no odor.
The flash point for triethylene glycol is 157°C (315°F).
The boiling and freezing points of triethylene glycol are 285°C (545°F) and -7 to -4°C (19 to 25°F) respectively.
Health Effects Triethylene glycol has been classified as hazardous under GHS for single exposure respiratory irritation effects.
Triethylene glycol is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of vinyl plasticizers,
polyester resins, adhesives, and in a variety of solvents and cleaners
• Triethylene glycol may cause respiratory irritation and has therefore been classified as
hazardous.
• Exposure to human health and environment is considered very low as the tr
Triethylene glycol is obtained in the ethylene oxide hydration reaction as a by-product of the ethylene glycol synthesis (MEG).
Then it is emitted and purified in the rectification process.
Application
It is a raw material in producing polyester resins as a solvent in the industry, an agent to dry gases and stabilize the humidity.
Fertilizers, anti-freezers, thermoconducting agents, hydraulic agents, reprographic articles (toners), lubricants and lubricant additives.
Storage and transport
Store in a sealed original unit packaging in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place away from any possible ignition sources (open fire, sparks).
What is Ethyl Tri Glycol?
Ethyl triglycol (also known as ethoxy triglycol; triethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and TGEE) has the formula C8H18O4 and is an ethoxy alcohol derivative.
It is an odourless, colourless, and viscous liquid that is water soluble and is also hygroscopic.
It also has a high boiling point of 256oC and a slow evaporation rate.
How is it produced?
Ethyl triglycol is produced in a closed, continuous process by the reaction of ethanol with ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst.
It is then purified, via distillation, to form the final product. Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether are also co-products of this reaction.
How is it stored and transported?
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether has a flashpoint of 132oC (closed cup), a specific gravity of 1.02 and is not classified as hazardous for transportation.
It should be transported in carbon, steel or stainless steel tanks and should then be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
The container should be resealed after use and should be kept upright. Ethyl triglycol should be stable if stored in recommended conditions.
What is Ethyl Tri Glycol used for?
The majority of Ethyl triglycol is consumed in hydraulic and brake fluids.
This is because the viscosity of ethyl triglycol remains largely constant when temperatures fluctuate, and also because of its high boiling point (256oC).
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether is also utilised as both a chemical process solvent and as a chemical intermediate in the production of esters used as plasticisers, surfactants, and solvents.
It is also employed as a solvent in the manufacture of protective coatings, adhesives, wood stains and varnish, paint strippers and in household and industrial cleaning formulations.
Ethyl triglycol is also employed in the textile industry where it acts as a dye carrier in textile dyeing processes and it also acts as a coupling agent for resins and dyes in other water-based printing inks.
Ethyl triglycol is also utilised as a solubilizer for incompatible liquids in the production of insecticides and is also employed in the detergent industry in hand-wash pastes.
It is this variety of applications that means many of us are in contact with Ethyl triglycol on a regular basis.
Household products which may contain Ethyl triglycol include disinfectants, surface cleaners, paint, paint strippers, floor polish, marker pens, and automotive brake fluid.
Triethylene glycol
2,2′-[Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]di(ethan-1-ol)
Ethanol, 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
112-27-6
Ethanol, 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
4-01-00-02400
1,2-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
1,2-Di(β-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
1,8-Dihydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane
2,2′-(1,2-Ethanediyl bis (oxy))-bisethanol
2,2′-(Ethylendioxy)diethanol
2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanol
2,2′-(etilendioxi)dietanol
2,2′-[1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy)]bisethanol
2,2′-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol)
2,2′-Ethylenedioxydiethanol
2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol
Ethanol, 2,2′-bis[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-
Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether
NSC 60758
OCTANE-1,8-DIOL, 3,6-DIOXA-
TRIAETHYLENGLYKOL
Triglycol
Bis(2-hydroxyethoxyethane)
BRN 0969357
Caswell No. 888
EINECS 203-953-2
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083501
Ethanol, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)di-
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether
Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether)
2,2′-Ethylenedioxyethanol
Triethyleneglycol
UNII-3P5SU53360
2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol
2-[2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHANOL
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
TEG
Triethylenglykol
di-beta-hydroxyethoxyethane
118662-30-9
121202-29-7
676-18-6
939972-01-7
Trigen; Triglycol; TEG; 2,2′-ethylenediqxybis(ethanol);
3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol; Glycol Bis(Hydroxyethyl) Ether; Di-beta-Hydroxyethoxyethane; 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diol; 2,2′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)) bisethanol; ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether; Trigol; Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; 1,2-Bis(2-hydroxy)ethane; Ethylene glycal-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether);
Triethylene Glycol is a chemical compound that contains straight long-chain alcohol aliphatic compound and a hydroxyl group at both ends.
It acts as a dehydrating agent, solvent and as a lubricant. It is a non-corrosive and stable chemical that has high flash points.
The storage vessels are designed in such a way that the compound has minimal moisture accumulation.
However, to ensure longer stability, it is recommended to store Triethylene Glycol under an inert atmosphere for better results.
Triethylene Glycol is one of the members of homologous series of alcohols of a dihydroxy group.
The compound is odorless, colorless, and has a high boiling point.
Its odor is non-detectable at room temperature but has slightly sweet odor under high vapor concentrations. However being miscible, it is easily soluble in many hydrocarbons and water.
It is quite similar to other glycols but has a high and molecular weight.
It is less hygroscopic and clear as compared to diethyl glycol.
The product is easily transported in tank cars, non-returnable drums, and tank trucks.
TEG Triethylene Glycol is a larger molecule than MEG, DEG and has two ether groups.
It is less clear and less hygroscopic than DEG, but has a higher boiling point, density and viscosity.
TEG Triethylene glycol is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor.
It is non-flammable, mildly toxic, and considered non-hazardous.
TEG is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
It is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.
TEG Triethylene Glycol Usages
The oil and gas industries use TEG Triethylene glycol to dehydrate natural gas as well as other gases including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Industrial uses include adsorbents and absorbents, functional fluids in both closed and open systems, Intermediates, petroleum production processing aids, and solvents.
TEG Triethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.
APPLICATIONS TEG TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL
TEG Triethylene Glycol is an important non-volatile industrial solvent.
It is also useful in the dehydration of gases, manufacture of insecticides and in the synthesis of some organic derivatives.
Pure TEG is useful in the production of plasticizers for cellophane, glue, cork, powdered ceramics and some plastics.
TEG is a component in the formulation of some pigments, printing dyes, inks and pastes.
It is also used for air fumigation.
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Product Stewardship Summary (CAS number 112-27-6) Chemical Formula for TEG HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
What is TEG?
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is the third members of a homologous series of dihydroxyalcohols.
TEG is produced in the Master Process by the direct hydration of ethylene oxide.
TEG is co-produced with MEG and DEG.
TEG is a colourless liquid. How is TEG Used?
TEG is used in a variety of applications and is only available in one single high purity grade.
The markets for TEG products are plasticiser for polymer fibres, coolants in automobile antifreeze, and resins.
The excellent humectant (hygroscopicity) property of TEG also makes it ideal for use in fibres treatment, paper, adhesives, printing inks, leather and cellophane.
In the oil and gas industry, the main use is to dehydrate gases.
Health, Safety and Environmental Considerations Under normal conditions of use, TEG is not expected to cause irritation to the skin, eyes or respiratory tract.
However, in applications where vapours or mists are created, inhalation may cause irritation to the respiratory system.
No ceiling on worker exposure has been set by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH), neither has a Workplace Exposure Limit been established for TEG.
TEG is readily biodegradable, has a low potential to bioaccumulate and has low toxicity to aquatic organisms.
TEG is not flammable, unless preheated.
Other names: Ethanol, 2,2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Ethanol, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)di-; Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether; Trigen; Triglycol; TEG; 1,2-Bis(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethane; 2,2′-Ethylenedioxydiethanol; 3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol; Di-β-hydroxyethoxyethane; 2,2′-Ethylenedioxyethanol; Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether; Trigenos; 2,2′-(1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy))bisethanol; 2,2′-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol); Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether); Triethylenglykol; Trigol; NSC 60758
Internal corrosion of dry sales gas pipelines is often overlooked due to the perceived absence of condensed water.
However, periodic cleaning of sales gas lines often yields large quantities of material known as black powder, which can only be attributed to internal corrosion.
Two potential sources of condensed water are:
(1) treated natural gas whose water dew point exceeds the temperature of the pipeline,
(2) water that co-condenses with triethylene glycol (TEG).
This paper describes a research study that was conducted to provide estimates for corrosion rates of carbon steel in TEG-water mixtures with TEG content in the range 0.0 wt% to 99.5 wt%.
Fifteen-day tests in stagnant thin film of TEG-water mixtures were performed to study the effects of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen gases on corrosion rates.
The results showed that the corrosion rates in pure distilled water (0.0 wt% TEG) were low, ranging from 0.96 to 4 mpy.
For all investigated gas compositions, these low initial corrosion rates rapidly dropped even lower with increasing TEG content in the TEG-water mixtures.
At a TEG content of 90 wt% and greater, the corrosion rates become virtually 0.0 mpy regardless of the gas composition.
In typical sales gas production, triethylene glycol is used to remove water from produced gas to reduce its dew point below the lowest temperature found in transportation operations.
In the Middle East, and in similar temperature regions (for example the Southern USA), sales gas is dried to a maximum water content of 7 lbs/mmscf.
In contrast, in colder regions such as Canada and northern Europe, sales gas specifications are set to a maximum water content of 4lbs/mmscf.
Because of this drying process, it is often perceived that the gas is “dry” and therefore no water condensation and subsequent internal corrosion are expected.
However, field observations show that even under “dry” sales gas conditions, general internal corrosion is widely encountered leading to what is known in the industry as the black powder phenomenon.
The reason for internal corrosion in nominally “dry” sales gas pipelines can be attributed to the fact that it is not normally possible to completely eliminate water from pipelines.
For example; water vapor can potentially condense on the inner walls of the pipeline due to high dew points resulting from the presence of hygroscopic salts deposited on pipeline internal surfaces.
These salts can pick up water from the gas (even though it meets the 7 or 4 lb/mmscf specification) and promote corrosion.
The source of salts is normally the original pipeline hydrotest process.
Corrosion attributed to the presence of salts is expected to decrease rapidly with increasing service life of the pipeline as these salts are continually removed during cleaning operations of the lines.
Another potential source of condensed water in “dry” gas is that water which co-condenses with triethylene glycol vapor that normally enters the line with the gas.