SODIUM BICARBONATE
SODIUM BICARBONATE
Sodium bicarbonate = Baking Soda
CAS Number: 144-55-8
EC Number: 205-633-8
E number: E500(ii) (acidity regulators, …)
Chemical formula: NaHCO3
Molar mass: 84.0066 g mol−1
Sodium bicarbonate (bicarb, baking soda) is produced primarily from natural and synthetic soda ash.
Sodium bicarbonate has a wide variety of uses, and animal feed, food and household applications, flue gas treatment, and pharmaceutical and chemical industry uses account for the largest part of its overall consumption.
China was the world’s largest producer and consumer of sodium bicarbonate in 2019.
Sodium Bicarbonate is a water insoluble Sodium source that can easily be converted to other Sodium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.
Sodium Bicarbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.
Sodium bicarbonate is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3−).
Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline, but often appears as a fine powder.
Sodium bicarbonate has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate).
The natural mineral form of Sodium bicarbonate is nahcolite.
Sodium bicarbonate is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.
North America is the second-largest producing region, followed by Western Europe and other Asian countries.
The leading five producers accounted for almost 47% of the installed sodium bicarbonate capacity in 2019; the majority of them operate several facilities in different regions.
Solvay accounted for about 16.5% of the total, followed by Henan Zhongyuan (15.8%).
Over the forecast period, capacity is expected to increase at an average annual rate of about 3%.
Uses of Sodium bicarbonate:
Sodium bicarbonate reduces stomach acid.
Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid to treat heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach.
Sodium bicarbonate is a very quick-acting antacid.
Sodium bicarbonate should be used only for temporary relief.
If you need to treat long-term stomach acid problems (such as peptic ulcer disease, GERD), talk with your doctor about other medications.
Sodium bicarbonate is the active ingredient in baking soda.
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.
Sodium bicarbonate is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3−).
Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline, but often appears as a fine powder.
Sodium bicarbonate has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate).
The natural mineral form is nahcolite.
Sodium bicarbonate is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.
This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional.
Use Sodium bicarbonate for a condition that is listed in this section only if Sodium bicarbonate has been so prescribed by your health care professional.
This drug may also be used to reduce the risk of gout and kidney stones.
Sodium bicarbonate makes the urine less acidic, which helps the kidneys get rid of uric acid.
Uric acid can cause gout or kidney stones.
Sodium bicarbonate can make some medications (such as sulfonamides) work better or can help your body get rid of too much medication (such as phenobarbital).
Sodium bicarbonate may also be used for certain metabolic problems (such as acidosis) caused by kidney disease.
Sodium bicarbonate Uses
Cooking
Leavening
Sodium bicarbonate reduces stomach acid.
Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid to treat heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach.
Sodium bicarbonate is a very quick-acting antacid.
Sodium bicarbonate should be used only for temporary relief.
If you need to treat long-term stomach acid problems (such as peptic ulcer disease, GERD), talk with your doctor about other medications.
Sodium bicarbonate is the active ingredient in baking soda.
In cooking, baking soda is primarily used in baking as a leavening agent.
When it reacts with acid, carbon dioxide is released, which causes expansion of the batter and forms the characteristic texture and grain in cakes, quick breads, soda bread, and other baked and fried foods.
The acid–base reaction can be generically represented as follows:
NaHCO3 + H+ → Na+ + CO2 + H2O
Sodium bicarbonate is a systemic alkalinizing agent.
Sodium bicarbonate most often is administered IV in the treatment of metabolic and respiratory acidosis.
Sodium bicarbonate is also used in the acute treatment of hyperkalemia, although Sodium bicarbonate should be kept in mind that this represents palliative treatment for this condition.
Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used for urinary alkalinization.
Despite being a highly effective antacid, sodium bicarbonate is rarely used for the chronic treatment of peptic ulcer disease because Sodium bicarbonate can be absorbed and can affect systemic acid-base balance.
Sodium bicarbonate was in use prior to 1938 and approved by the FDA at Sodium bicarbonates inception.
Mechanism of Action: After oral administration, sodium bicarbonate neutralizes hydrochloric acid in the stomach, forming sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water.
Excess bicarbonate ions are absorbed in the small intestine.
Thus, all of a dose of exogenous sodium bicarbonate eventually reaches the extracellular fluid, and a mild alkalosis can result.
This usually is corrected quickly by the renal system in patients with normal renal function.
After IV administration, sodium bicarbonate dissociates to bicarbonate ions, which constitute the conjugate base portion of the body’s extracellular buffer system (bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer).
Administration of sodium bicarbonate will restore acid-base balance in patients with metabolic or respiratory acidosis; however, metabolic alkalosis can result from the use of sodium bicarbonate.
Excess bicarbonate ions that result from the administration of sodium bicarbonate are excreted in the urine, alkalizing the urine.
This alkalization decreases renal absorption and increases the clearance of certain drugs, intoxicants, weak acids, and blood pigments.
Acidic materials that induce this reaction include hydrogen phosphates, cream of tartar, lemon juice, yogurt, buttermilk, cocoa, and vinegar.
Baking soda may be used together with sourdough, which is acidic, making a lighter product with a less acidic taste.
Heat can also by itself cause sodium bicarbonate to act as a raising agent in baking because of thermal decomposition, releasing carbon dioxide at temperatures above 80 °C (180 °F), as follows:
2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
When used this way on Sodium bicarbonates own, without the presence of an acidic component (whether in the batter or by the use of a baking powder containing acid), only half the available CO2 is released (one CO2 molecule is formed for every two equivalents of NaHCO3).
Additionally, in the absence of acid, thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate also produces sodium carbonate, which is strongly alkaline and gives the baked product a bitter, “soapy” taste and a yellow color.
Since the reaction occurs slowly at room temperature, mixtures (cake batter, etc.) can be allowed to stand without rising until they are heated in the oven.
Baking powder
Main article: Baking powder
Baking powder, also sold for cooking, contains around 30% of bicarbonate, and various acidic ingredients which are activated by the addition of water, without the need for additional acids in the cooking medium.
Many forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminium phosphate, or cream of tartar.
Baking soda is alkaline; the acid used in baking powder avoids a metallic taste when the chemical change during baking creates sodium carbonate.
Pyrotechnics
Sodium bicarbonate is one of the main components of the common “black snake” firework.
The effect is caused by the thermal decomposition, which produces carbon dioxide gas to produce a long snake-like ash as a combustion product of the other main component, sucrose.
Sodium bicarbonate is also used to delay combustion reactions by releasing CO2 and H2O when heated, both of which are flame retardants.
Mild disinfectant
Sodium bicarbonate has weak disinfectant properties, and it may be an effective fungicide against some organisms.
Because baking soda will absorb musty smells, Sodium bicarbonate has become a reliable method for used book sellers when making books less malodorous.
Fire extinguisher
Sodium bicarbonate can be used to extinguish small grease or electrical fires by being thrown over the fire, as heating of sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide.
However, Sodium bicarbonate should not be applied to fires in deep fryers; the sudden release of gas may cause the grease to splatter.
Sodium bicarbonate is used in BC dry chemical fire extinguishers as an alternative to the more corrosive diammonium phosphate in ABC extinguishers.
The alkaline nature of sodium bicarbonate makes Sodium bicarbonate the only dry chemical agent, besides Purple-K, that was used in large-scale fire suppression systems installed in commercial kitchens.
Because Sodium bicarbonate can act as an alkali, the agent has a mild saponification effect on hot grease, which forms a smothering, soapy foam.
Neutralization of acids
Sodium bicarbonate reacts spontaneously with acids, releasing CO2 gas as a reaction product.
Sodium bicarbonate is commonly used to neutralize unwanted acid solutions or acid spills in chemical laboratories.
Sodium bicarbonate is not appropriate to use sodium bicarbonate to neutralize base even though Sodium bicarbonate is amphoteric, reacting with both acids and bases.
Sodium bicarbonate in Medical uses and health
See also: Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate mixed with water can be used as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn.
Sodium bicarbonates reaction with stomach acid produces salt, water, and carbon dioxide:
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2(g)
Sodium bicarbonate , also known as baking soda, is used to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid.
When used for this purpose, Sodium bicarbonate is said to belong to the group of medicines called antacids.
Sodium bicarbonate may be used to treat the symptoms of stomach or duodenal ulcers.
Sodium bicarbonate is also used to make the blood and urine more alkaline in certain conditions.
Antacids should not be given to young children (up to 6 years of age) unless prescribed by their doctor.
Since children cannot usually describe their symptoms very well, a doctor should check the child before giving this medicine.
The child may have a condition that needs other treatment.
If so, antacids will not help and may even cause unwanted effects or make the condition worse.
Sodium bicarbonate for oral use is available without a prescription.
Sodium bicarbonate, more commonly known under the name baking soda, is a compound that neutralizes acids and is suitable for a wide range of indigestion and ulcer products and pharmaceuticals.
Synonyms: Baking Soda, Bicarbonate of Soda, Carbonic Acid Monosodium Salt, NaHCO3, Sodium Acid Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate
INCI: Sodium Bicarbonate
Chemical formula: NaHCO3
CAS #: 144-55-8
Sodium bicarbonate is available in the following dosage forms:
Tablet
Granule
Solution
A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and polyethylene glycol such as PegLyte, dissolved in water and taken orally, is an effective gastrointestinal lavage preparation and laxative prior to gastrointestinal surgery, gastroscopy, etc.
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate in an aqueous solution is sometimes used for cases of acidosis, or when insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions are in the blood.
In cases of respiratory acidosis, the infused bicarbonate ion drives the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer of plasma to the left, and thus raises the pH.
For this reason, sodium bicarbonate is used in medically supervised cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Infusion of bicarbonate is indicated only when the blood pH is markedly low (< 7.1–7.0).
HCO3− is used for treatment of hyperkalemia, as Sodium bicarbonate will drive K+ back into cells during periods of acidosis.
Since sodium bicarbonate can cause alkalosis, Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used to treat aspirin overdoses.
Aspirin requires an acidic environment for proper absorption, and the basic environment diminishes aspirin absorption in the case of an overdose.
Sodium bicarbonate has also been used in the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
Sodium bicarbonate can also be applied topically as a paste, with three parts baking soda to one part water, to relieve some kinds of insect bites and stings (as well as accompanying swelling).
Some alternative practitioners, such as Tullio Simoncini, have promoted baking soda as a cancer cure, which the American Cancer Society has warned against due to both its unproven effectiveness and potential danger in use.
Edzard Ernst has called the promotion of sodium bicarbonate as a cancer cure “one of the more sickening alternative cancer scams I have seen for a long time”.
Sodium bicarbonate can be added to local anesthetics, to speed up the onset of their effects and make their injection less painful.
Sodium bicarbonate is also a component of Moffett’s solution, used in nasal surgery.
Sodium bicarbonate has been proposed that acidic diets weaken bones.
WHAT IS SODIUM BICARBONATE AND HOW DOES Sodium bicarbonate WORK?
Sodium bicarbonate is indicated in the treatment of metabolic acidosis which may occur in severe renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, extracorporeal circulation of blood, cardiac arrest and severe primary lactic acidosis.
Sodium bicarbonate is further indicated in the treatment of certain drug intoxications, including barbiturates (where dissociation of the barbiturate-protein complex is desired), in poisoning by salicylates or methyl alcohol and in hemolytic reactions requiring alkalinization of the urine to diminish nephrotoxicity of hemoglobin and its breakdown products.
Sodium bicarbonate also is indicated in severe diarrhea, which is often accompanied by a significant loss of bicarbonate.
Treatment of metabolic acidosis should, if possible, be superimposed on measures designed to control the basic cause of the acidosis – e.g., insulin in uncomplicated diabetes, blood volume restoration in shock.
But since an appreciable time interval may elapse before all of the ancillary effects are brought about, bicarbonate therapy is indicated to minimize risks inherent to the acidosis itself.
Vigorous bicarbonate therapy is required in any form of metabolic acidosis where a rapid increase in plasma total CO2 content is crucial – e.g., cardiac arrest, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, and in severe primary lactic acidosis or severe diabetic acidosis.
Uses
There are many uses for baking soda, some of which may surprise you.
The chemical compound is used for a variety of different health conditions and can often be found in at-home remedies, as well as in some over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
The storied history of the use of baking soda suggests that Sodium bicarbonate is one of the most versatile compounds available.
Oral Health
Baking soda has been shown to have great effects on oral health because Sodium bicarbonate can act as a bactericidal agent against some periodontal pathogens.
Sodium bicarbonate has also been used as a general mouthwash and as an inexpensive way to whiten teeth.
Canker sores have also shown improvement when treated with a baking soda mouthwash, with ongoing treatment soothing the pain that is associated with the small and painful ulcers.
Digestive Health
Heartburn affects roughly 60 million Americans.
Sodium bicarbonate is a symptom caused by acid reflux and leads to pain and burning up through the esophagus and into the throat.
When the condition is chronic, Sodium bicarbonate can be difficult to manage.
Because of the neutralizing effects of baking soda on stomach acid, people can find relief from heartburn by mixing a small amount with water.
Sodium bicarbonate has also been shown to help treat bouts of indigestion.
Sodium bicarbonate should be noted that the ingestion of baking soda for prolonged periods may lead to heart problems and metabolic alkalosis.6
Athletic Performance
Although studies are varied when Sodium bicarbonate comes to the use of baking soda as an exercise aid, some have suggested that Sodium bicarbonate can lead to enhanced performance by improving levels of stamina.
Sodium bicarbonate is thought that the high pH level of the powder decreases fatigue in those performing high-intensity exercises by helping to buffer acidic byproducts that may result from prolonged activity.
Sodium bicarbonate Uses in Treatment
Proper kidney function is important, because the kidneys are designed to remove both waste and excess water from the bloodstream that could build up and cause health problems.
They also play an integral role in the balance of essential minerals.
When the kidneys aren’t functioning at their best, the acid-base balance in the body can be thrown off, causing systemic and very dangerous problems.
Research suggests that those with less than desirable kidney function might slow the progression of their disease by taking baking soda supplements because of its higher Ph.
Baking soda could also help increase the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments in cancer patients by encouraging a less acidic environment for tumors.
However, neither of these uses should be implemented without the guidance of a medical professional.
Serious side effects can result with improper use.
Linear Formula NaHCO3
MDL Number MFCD00003528
EC No. 205-633-8
Beilstein/Reaxys No. 4153970
Pubchem CID 516892
IUPAC Name sodium; hydrogen carbonate
SMILES C(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+]
InchI Identifier InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Cleaning and Deodorizing
Baking soda has long been used as a cleaning agent.
The strength of the powder can do wonders for tough kitchen or laundry stains.
Sodium bicarbonate is suggested that you use enough baking soda mixed with water to create a paste-like substance for best results.
Sodium bicarbonate has also been shown to be a great way to remove pesticides from fruit.
Sodium bicarbonate’s also effective in getting rid of odors, since baking soda neutralizes both acidic and basic molecules.
Sodium bicarbonate can also be used as a personal deodorant, household deodorant for furniture and carpets, and to keep both the fridge and freezer smelling fresh.
Sodium bicarbonate Dowsing Kitchen Fires
Grease fires are hard to combat and must never be put out using water.
Baking soda can come in handy when there is no fire extinguisher around, because Sodium bicarbonate smothers flames by emitting carbon dioxide.
Sodium bicarbonate Forms
Baking soda most typically comes in the form of a powder.
However, Sodium bicarbonate can also be found in capsules, granules, and solutions.
Some over-the-counter medications contain small amounts of baking soda, including Alka-Seltzer.
One systematic meta-analysis of the research shows no such effect.
Another also finds that there is no evidence that alkaline diets improve bone health, but suggests that there “may be some value” to alkaline diets for other reasons.
Antacid (such as baking soda) solutions have been prepared and used by protesters to alleviate the effects of exposure to tear gas during protests.
Similarly to its use in baking, sodium bicarbonate is used together with a mild acid such as tartaric acid as the excipient in effervescent tablets: when such a tablet is dropped in a glass of water, the carbonate leaves the reaction medium as carbon dioxide gas (HCO3− + H+ → H2O + CO2↑ or, more precisely, HCO3− + H3O+ → 2 H2O + CO2↑).
This makes the tablet disintegrate, leaving the medication suspended and/or dissolved in the water together with the resulting salt (in this example, sodium tartrate).
When sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is moistened and heated, it releases carbon dioxide gas.
If Sodium bicarbonate is moistened and heated in the presence of sufficient acid, it will release twice as much gas as if Sodium bicarbonate is moistened and heated without the presence of an acid.
Slightly acidic ingredients provide the mix with some of the necessary acids for the release of carbon dioxide gas.
Examples are:
Honey
Molasses
Ginger
Cocoa
Bran
For this reason, some of the mixes contain baking powder only while others contain a combination of baking powder and baking soda.
If an excessive amount of baking soda is used in a cake batter without the presence of sufficient acid, the normally white cake crumb will have a yellowish-brown colour and a strong undesirable smell of soda.
The gas evolves very fast at the beginning of baking when the pH level is still on the acidic side (pH of around 5 to 6).
Once the soda neutralizes the acid, the dough or batter quickly becomes alkaline and the release of gas is reduced.
Mixes and doughs leavened with baking soda must be handled without delay, or the release of the gas may be almost exhausted before the product reaches the oven.
The darker colour of the crumb found on the bottom half of a cake or muffins is caused by the partial dehydration of the batter that is heated first during baking.
In spiced honey cookies and gingerbread, baking soda is used alone to give them quick colour during baking and yet keep the products soft.
In chocolate cakes, baking soda is used in conjunction with baking powder to keep the pH at a desirable level.
However, Sodium bicarbonate is important to know whether the cocoa powder you are using is natural or treated by the Dutch process.
In the Dutch process, some of the acid in the cocoa is already neutralized, and there is less left for the release of gas in the mix.
This means more baking powder and less baking soda is used.
Baking soda in a chocolate mix not only counteracts the acid content in the baked cake but also improves the grain and colour of the cake.
A darker and richer chocolate colour is produced if the acid level is sufficient to release all the carbon dioxide gas.
On the other hand, the reddish, coarse, open-grained crumb in devil’s food cake is the result of using baking soda as the principal leavening agent.
The level of baking soda depends on the nature of the product and on the other ingredients in the formula.
Cookies, for example, with high levels of fat and sugar, do not require much, if any, leavening.
Table 11 provides the recommended amounts of baking soda for different products.
Note that the percentages appear small compared to the 5% level of baking powder suggested because baking powder contains both an acid agent and a leavening agent.
Generic names: Sodium bicarbonate, bicarbonate of soda, sodium acid carbonate
Chemical formula: NaHCO3
Packing /
shipping method Flexible containers and paper bags
Grades
Official drugs
Food additives
Feed additives
Industrial-use (various grain size grades)
General applications
Pharmaceuticals ingredients (stomach medicine, artificial dialysis)
Food-related material (baking powder, pH control, confectionery ingredients, etc)
Livestock feed additives
Materials for bath salts and detergent
Personal hygiene
Sodium bicarbonate is also used as an ingredient in some mouthwashes.
Sodium bicarbonate has anticaries and abrasive properties.
Sodium bicarbonate works as a mechanical cleanser on the teeth and gums, neutralizes the production of acid in the mouth, and also acts as an antiseptic to help prevent infections.
Sodium bicarbonate in combination with other ingredients can be used to make a dry or wet deodorant.
Sodium bicarbonate may be used as a buffering agent, combined with table salt, when creating a solution for nasal irrigation.
Sodium bicarbonate is used in eye hygiene to treat blepharitis.
This is done by addition of a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate to cool water that was recently boiled, followed by gentle scrubbing of the eyelash base with a cotton swab dipped in the solution.
SODIUM BICARBONATE USES:
Cooking: primarily, used as a leavening agent in baking.
Sometimes used for green vegetables baking to give them a bright green color.
Baking powder: Sodium bicarbonate is used for cooking. Baking powder contains a high level of composition of Nahcolite.
Pest control: Sodium bicarbonate can be used to kill insects like cockroaches and can be used to control fungal growth.
Paint and corrosion removal: Sodium bicarbonate is used in a process called as soda blasting to remove corrosion.
Personal hygiene: Much toothpaste contains sodium bicarbonates giving better whitening and plaque removal than the toothpaste not having Sodium bicarbonate.
Sodium bicarbonate is also used in mouthwashes.
Also used as the buffering agent.
Medical uses: Can be used to treat heartburn and acid indigestion along with water.
Sodium bicarbonate is used for treatment in case of an overdose of aspirin.
Can be used to get relieved from some insects bites and stings.
Sodium bicarbonate can be used to get relieved from some plants allergy.
Sodium bicarbonate is also used to remove splinters from the skin.
In sports: Used as the supplement for athletes, in speed based events.
Other uses: As a cleaning agent, for alkalinity and also used as a cattle feed supplement.
Also used in a fire extinguisher and for neutralization of acid and bases.
Veterinary uses
Sodium bicarbonate is used as a cattle feed supplement, in particular as a buffering agent for the rumen.
Sodium bicarbonate Cleaning agent
Sodium bicarbonate is used in a process for removing paint and corrosion called sodablasting.
As a blasting medium, sodium bicarbonate is used to remove surface contamination from softer and less resilient substrates such as aluminium, copper or timber which could be damaged by silica sand abrasive media.
A manufacturer recommends a paste made from baking soda with minimal water as a gentle scouring powder, and is useful in removing surface rust, as the rust forms a water-soluble compound when in a concentrated alkaline solution; cold water should be used, as hot-water solutions can corrode steel.
Sodium bicarbonate attacks the thin protective oxide layer that forms on aluminium, making it unsuitable for cleaning this metal.
A solution in warm water will remove the tarnish from silver when the silver is in contact with a piece of aluminium foil.
Baking soda is commonly added to washing machines as a replacement for water softener and to remove odors from clothes.
Sodium bicarbonate is also almost as effective in removing heavy tea and coffee stains from cups as Sodium hydroxide, when diluted with warm water.
During the Manhattan Project to develop the nuclear bomb in the early 1940s, the chemical toxicity of uranium was an issue.
Uranium oxides were found to stick very well to cotton cloth, and did not wash out with soap or laundry detergent.
However, the uranium would wash out with a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate.
Clothing can become contaminated with toxic dust of depleted uranium (DU), which is very dense, hence used for counterweights in a civilian context, and in armour-piercing projectiles.
DU is not removed by normal laundering; washing with about 6 ounces (170 g) of baking soda in 2 gallons (7.5 L) of water will help to wash it out.
Sodium bicarbonate may sound like something you’ve never heard of, but chances are there is some sitting in your kitchen cupboard right now.
Otherwise known as baking soda, Sodium bicarbonate is a salt made of a sodium cation and a bicarbonate anion.
Baking soda is often found as a fine powder substance, despite the fact that Sodium bicarbonate is actually a crystalline solid.
Sodium bicarbonate is considered a monosodium (only containing one atom of sodium) and has a slight alkaline value.
Odor control
Sodium bicarbonate is often claimed that baking soda is an effective odor remover, and Sodium bicarbonate is often recommended that an open box be kept in the refrigerator to absorb odor.
This idea was promoted by the leading U.S. brand of baking soda, Arm & Hammer, in an advertising campaign starting in 1972.
Though this campaign is considered a classic of marketing, leading within a year to more than half of American refrigerators containing a box of baking soda, there is little evidence that Sodium bicarbonate is in fact effective in this application.
Chemistry
Sodium bicarbonate is an amphoteric compound.
Aqueous solutions are mildly alkaline due to the formation of carbonic acid and hydroxide ion:
HCO−3 + H2O → H2CO3 + OH−
Sodium bicarbonate can be used as a wash to remove any acidic impurities from a “crude” liquid, producing a purer sample.
Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an acid produces a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water:
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2CO3
H2CO3 → H2O + CO2(g)
Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acetic acid (found in vinegar), producing sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide:
NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2(g)
Sodium bicarbonate reacts with bases such as sodium hydroxide to form carbonates:
NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Baking soda is an alkaline or basic ingredient.
If dough contains an acidic ingredient, such as buttermilk, citrus fruit juice, sourdough starter or yogurt, baking soda will react with Sodium bicarbonate to produce leavening.
Like baking powder, baking soda may negatively affect the color and flavor of finished products and result in a very acidic or bitter taste.
If a recipe contains both baking soda and baking powder, then the baking powder will probably be responsible for the majority of the leavening.
The baking soda will likely function more to neutralize any acids in the recipe and add tenderness.
Sodium bicarbonate use during CPR is one of the most controversial issues in the cardiac arrest literature.
This stems from its potential side effects and the lack of evidence in animals and humans of any benefit from receiving bicarbonate during CPR.
Administration of sodium bicarbonate results in an acid-base reaction in which bicarbonate combines with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide, resulting in an elevated blood pH:
HCO3-+H+→H2CO3→H2O+CO2
Because bicarbonate generates carbon dioxide, adequate alveolar ventilation must be present before Sodium bicarbonates administration.
Sodium bicarbonate administration transiently elevates CO2 levels in the blood so that administration during cardiac arrest may worsen preexisting respiratory acidosis if ventilation is not adequate to remove the elevated CO2.
This may be more of an issue for children because a major cause of cardiac arrest is respiratory failure.
SYNONYMS
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate; Baking Soda; Carbonic acid monosodium salt; Monosodium carbonate
CAS NUMBER:
144-55-8
MOLECULAR FORMULA:
NaHCO3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:
84.006 g/mol
BEILSTEIN REGISTRY NUMBER:
4153970
EC NUMBER:
205-633-8
Thermal decomposition
At temperatures from 80–100 °C (176–212 °F), sodium bicarbonate gradually decomposes into sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.
The conversion is faster at 200 °C (392 °F):
2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Most bicarbonates undergo this dehydration reaction. Further heating converts the carbonate into the oxide (above 850 °C/1,560 °F):
Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2
These conversions are relevant to the use of NaHCO3 as a fire-suppression agent (“BC powder”) in some dry-powder fire extinguishers.
Sodium bicarbonate Stability & Shelf Life
If kept cool (room temperature) and dry (an airtight container is recommended to keep out moist air), sodium bicarbonate can be kept without a significant amount of decomposition for at least two or three years.
History
The word natron has been in use in many languages throughout modern times and originated via Arabic naṭrūn from Greek nítron, which can be traced back to ancient Egyptian ntr.
The Greek nítron (soda, soda, saltpeter) was also used in Latin (sal) nitrum and in German Salniter.
In 1791, French chemist Nicolas Leblanc produced sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash.
The pharmacist Valentin Rose the Younger is credited with the discovery of sodium bicarbonate 1801 in Berlin.
In 1846, two American bakers, John Dwight and Austin Church, established the first factory in the United States to produce baking soda from sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide.
Saleratus, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, is mentioned in the novel Captains Courageous by Rudyard Kipling as being used extensively in the 1800s in commercial fishing to prevent freshly caught fish from spoiling.
In 1919, a U.S. Senator declared that bicarbonate of soda could cure the Spanish flu.
In the midst of the debate on 26 January 1919, Senator Overman interrupted the discussion to announce the discovery of a cure.
“I want to say, for the benefit of those who are making this investigation,” he reported, “that I was told by a judge of a superior court in the mountain country of North Carolina they have discovered a remedy for this disease.”
The purported cure implied a critique of modern science and an appreciation for the simple wisdom of simple people.
“They say that common baking soda will cure the disease,” he continued, “that they have cured it with Sodium bicarbonate, that they have no deaths up there at all; they use common baking soda, which cures the disease.”
IUPAC name
sodium hydrogen carbonate
Other names
Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, nahcolite, natrium hydrogen carbonate, natron
Sodium bicarbonate is widely available in the form of baking soda and combination products.
Sodium bicarbonate reacts almost instantaneously to neutralize HCl to produce CO2 and NaCl.
The formation of CO2 results in belching and gastric distention.
Sodium bicarbonate is often referred to as a “systemic” antacid because the unreacted fraction is readily absorbed into the general circulation and may alter systemic pH.
The potential for Na+ overload and systemic alkalosis limits its use to short-term relief of indigestion.
Na+ overload resulting from repeated use of large doses may contribute to fluid retention, edema, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and renal failure.
Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in patients on a low-salt diet.
Sodium bicarbonate Production
Sodium bicarbonate is produced industrially from sodium carbonate:
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NaHCO3
Sodium bicarbonate is produced on the scale of about 100,000 tonnes/year (as of 2001)[dubious – discuss] with a worldwide production capacity of 2.4 million tonnes per year.
Commercial quantities of baking soda are also produced by a similar method: soda ash, mined in the form of the ore trona, is dissolved in water and treated with carbon dioxide.
Sodium bicarbonate precipitates as a solid from this solution.
Regarding the Solvay process, sodium bicarbonate is an intermediate in the reaction of sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
The product however shows low purity (75pc).
NaCl + CO2 + NH3 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Although of no practical value, NaHCO3 may be obtained by the reaction of carbon dioxide with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide:
CO2 + NaOH → NaHCO3
Mining
Naturally occurring deposits of nahcolite (NaHCO3) are found in the Eocene-age (55.8–33.9 Mya) Green River Formation, Piceance Basin in Colorado.
Nahcolite was deposited as beds during periods of high evaporation in the basin.
Sodium bicarbonate is commercially mined using common underground mining techniques such as bore, drum, and longwall mining in a fashion very similar to coal mining.
Limited amounts of product are further obtained by solution mining, pumping heated water through previously mined nahcolite beds and reconstituting the dissolved nahcolite above ground through a natural cooling crystallization process.
Currently, only Genesis Alkali (formerly Tronox, formerly FMC) in the Green River Wyoming basin has successfully commercially solution mined the product.
In popular culture
Sodium bicarbonate, as “bicarbonate of soda”, was a frequent source of punch lines for Groucho Marx in Marx Brothers movies.
In Duck Soup, Marx plays the leader of a nation at war.
In one scene, he receives a message from the battlefield that his general is reporting a gas attack, and Groucho tells his aide: “Tell him to take a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda and a half a glass of water.”
In A Night at the Opera, Groucho’s character addresses the opening night crowd at an opera by saying of the lead tenor: “Signor Lassparri comes from a very famous family. His mother was a well-known bass singer.
His father was the first man to stuff spaghetti with bicarbonate of soda, thus causing and curing indigestion at the same time.”
In the Joseph L. Mankewicz classic All About Eve, the Max Fabian character (Gregory Ratoff) has an extended scene with Margo Channing (Bette Davis) in which, suffering from heartburn, he requests and then drinks bicarbonate of soda, eliciting a prominent burp.
Channing promises to always keep a box of bicarb with Max’s name on Sodium bicarbonate.
Formula CHNaO3
CHO3.Na
Net Charge 0
Average Mass 84.00660
Monoisotopic Mass 83.98234
InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES [Na+].OC([O-])=O
How to use Sodium Bicarbonate
Take Sodium bicarbonate by mouth, usually every 4 hours as needed or as directed by your doctor.
Some tablets should be dissolved in a glass of water before swallowing.
Other tablets may be swallowed whole or dissolved in water before swallowing.
Follow all directions on the product package for the product you are taking.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
If you are self-treating and your acid problems last or get worse after you have used this product for 2 weeks, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.
If you are using Sodium bicarbonate regularly on a daily basis for more than 2 weeks, you may have a medical problem that needs different treatment.
Ask your doctor if Sodium bicarbonate is the right medication for you.
If your doctor has directed you to take Sodium bicarbonate for acidosis or to alkalinize your urine, your dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
To get the most benefit from Sodium bicarbonate, take Sodium bicarbonate regularly, exactly as directed.
Sodium bicarbonate is usually taken by mouth several times a day.
To help you remember, take Sodium bicarbonate at the same times each day.
Do not increase the dose, take Sodium bicarbonate more often, or continue taking this for longer than prescribed.
Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is widely used in baking.
This is because Sodium bicarbonate has leavening properties, meaning Sodium bicarbonate causes dough to rise by producing carbon dioxide.
Aside from cooking, baking soda has a variety of additional household uses and health benefits.
Here are 23 benefits and uses of baking soda.
CAS Number: 144-55-8
Beilstein Reference: 4153970
ChEBI: CHEBI:32139
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1353
ChemSpider: 8609
DrugBank: DB01390
ECHA InfoCard: 100.005.122
EC Number: 205-633-8
E number: E500(ii) (acidity regulators, …)
IUPHAR/BPS: 4507
KEGG: C12603
MeSH: Sodium+bicarbonate
PubChem CID: 516892
RTECS number: VZ0950000
UNII: 8MDF5V39QO
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9021269
Sodium bicarbonate is a salt that breaks down to form sodium and bicarbonate in water.
This breakdown makes a solution alkaline, meaning Sodium bicarbonate is able to neutralize acid.
Because of this, sodium bicarbonate is often used to treat conditions caused by high acidity in the body, such as heartburn.
People use sodium bicarbonate for athletic performance, kidney damage caused by contrast dyes (contrast induced nephropathy), indigestion (dyspepsia), stomach ulcers, dental plaque, tooth discoloration, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
People also use sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, as an ingredient in baking.,
How does Sodium bicarbonate work ?
Sodium bicarbonate is a salt that breaks down in fluids, including blood and urine, to form sodium and bicarbonate.
This breakdown buffers the blood and makes Sodium bicarbonate less acidic.
This ability to neutralize acid helps treat conditions related to high acidity in bodily fluids, such as indigestion, which is caused by too much acid in the stomach.
Before taking sodium bicarbonate,
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially other antacids, aspirin or aspirin-like medicines, benzodiazepines, flecainide (Tambocor), iron, ketoconazole (Nizoral), lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid), methenamine (Hiprex, Urex), methotrexate, quinidine, sulfa-containing antibiotics, tetracycline (Sumycin), or vitamins.
Take sodium bicarbonate at least 2 hours apart from other medicines.
tell your doctor if you have or have ever had high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, or kidney disease or if you have recently had bleeding in your stomach or intestine.
tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding.
If you become pregnant while taking sodium bicarbonate, call your doctor.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Sodium bicarbonate increases the amount of sodium in your body.
If you are on a sodium-restricted diet, check with your doctor before taking sodium bicarbonate.
What should I do if I forget a dose of Sodium bicarbonate?
If your doctor has told you to take sodium bicarbonate on a certain schedule, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it.
However, if Sodium bicarbonate is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule.
Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Why is Sodium bicarbonate prescribed?
Sodium bicarbonate is an antacid used to relieve heartburn and acid indigestion.
Your doctor also may prescribe sodium bicarbonate to make your blood or urine less acidic in certain conditions.
Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Appearance: White crystals
Odor: Odorless
Density
2.20 g/cm3
Melting point: (Decomposes to sodium carbonate starting at 50 °C)
Solubility in water
69 g/L (0 °C)
96 g/L (20 °C)
165 g/L (60 °C)
Sodium bicarbonate (better known to the world as baking soda) is a soluble white powder that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder.
Sodium bicarbonate’s odorless, non-combustible and reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas and heat.
The Versatility of Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate serves a variety of purposes, ranging from household uses such as baking and cleaning, to treating minor medical ailments like sunburn and insect bites.
Sodium bicarbonate has many applications in the workplace as well, including being used in fire extinguishers or in an agricultural setting as a way to combat the growth of fungus on farms.
Sodium bicarbonate is used for the treatment of metabolic acidosis which may occur in severe renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, extracorporeal circulation of blood, cardiac arrest and severe primary lactic acidosis.
Also is indicated in severe diarrhea which is often accompanied by a significant loss of bicarbonate.
Further indicated in the treatment of certain drug intoxications, including barbiturates (where dissociation of the barbiturateprotein complex is desired), in poisoning by salicylates or methyl alcohol and in hemolytic reactions requiring alkalinization of the urine to diminish nephrotoxicity of blood pigments.
Coughing and sneezing if a high concentration of dust has been inhaled
Gastrointestinal irritation can occur if large amounts have been ingested
Mild irritation, such as redness and slight pain, may result from eye contact
In dry form, Sodium bicarbonate’s typically non-irritating to intact skin; however, Sodium bicarbonate can cause irritation to damaged skin when moisture is present
Sodium bicarbonate Solubility:
0.02 wt% acetone,
2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C.
insoluble in ethanol
log P: −0.82
Acidity (pKa)
10.329
6.351 (carbonic acid)
Refractive index (nD)
nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583
How should Sodium bicarbonate be used?
Sodium bicarbonate comes as a tablet and powder to take by mouth.
Sodium bicarbonate is taken one to four times a day, depending on the reason you take Sodium bicarbonate.
Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Take sodium bicarbonate exactly as directed.
Do not take more or less of Sodium bicarbonate or take Sodium bicarbonate more often than prescribed by your doctor.
What should I know about storage and disposal of Sodium bicarbonate?
Keep Sodium bicarbonate in the container Sodium bicarbonate came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children.
Store Sodium bicarbonate at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).
Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them.
However, you should not flush Sodium bicarbonate down the toilet.
Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program.
Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community.
Sodium bicarbonate is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers (such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily.
Compound Formula CHNaO3
Molecular Weight 84
Appearance White crystalline powder or granules
Melting Point 3000 °C
Boiling Point N/A
Density 2.16- 2.2 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O N/A
Exact Mass 83.982338
Monoisotopic Mass 83.982338
If you are using sodium bicarbonate as an antacid, Sodium bicarbonate should be taken 1 to 2 hours after meals, with a full glass of water.
If you are using sodium bicarbonate for another reason, Sodium bicarbonate may be taken with or without food.
Do not take sodium bicarbonate on an overly full stomach.
Dissolve sodium bicarbonate powder in at least 4 ounces (120 milliliters) of water.
Measure powdered doses carefully using a measuring spoon.
Do not use sodium bicarbonate for longer than 2 weeks unless your doctor tells you to.
If sodium bicarbonate does not improve your symptoms, call your doctor.
Do not give sodium bicarbonate to children under 12 years of age unless your doctor tells you to.
SODIUM BICARBONATE
144-55-8
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate
Baking soda
Carbonic acid monosodium salt
Sodium acid carbonate
Bicarbonate of soda
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Meylon
Acidosan
Neut
Natriumhydrogenkarbonat
Uses for Washing Soda
Washing soda is a good all-purpose cleaner.
Sodium bicarbonates high alkalinity helps Sodium bicarbonate cut grease, soften water, and disinfect surfaces.
Keep in mind that sodium carbonate solution irritates the skin and can produce chemical burns in pure form.
Wear gloves when using Sodium bicarbonate.
Sodium carbonate is used to adjust swimming pool pH, prevent caking in foods, and treat ringworm and eczema.
Sodium bicarbonate’s also used on a commercial scale for making glass and paper products.
NaHCO3
Monosodium carbonate
Jusonin
Soludal
Soda Mint
Soda (van)
Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium bicarbonate (1:1)
Monosodium hydrogen carbonate
MFCD00003528
Carbonic acid, monosodium salt
UNII-8MDF5V39QO
sodium hydrogencarbonat
8MDF5V39QO
E500
Sodium bicarbonate Nomenclature
Because Sodium bicarbonate has long been known and widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda, and can often be found near baking powder in stores.
The term baking soda is more common in the United States, while bicarbonate of soda is more common in Australia and Britain, and in many northern/central European countries it is called Natron.
Abbreviated colloquial forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, and bicarb are common.
The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus (meaning “aerated salt”), was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.
Sodium bicarbonates E number food additive code is E500.
The prefix bi in bicarbonate comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that the sodium bicarbonate molecule (NaHCO3) contains twice as much carbonate (CO3) as does sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
The modern chemical formulas of these compounds express their precise chemical compositions (which were unknown when the names sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were coined) as sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
These names are unambiguous since sodium always has the +1 oxidation state and carbonate the −2 oxidation state.
CHEBI:32139
Natron
Col-evac
Sel De vichy
Natrium bicarbonicum
Soda Ash
Natrii hydrogencarbonas
E 500
E-500
Natrium hydrogencarbonicum
sodium hydrogen-carbonate
Caswell No. 747
Sodium carbonate (Na(HCO3))
Sodium bicarbonate, 99+%, for HPLC
Sodium bicarbonate, 99+%, extra pure
Sodium bicarbonate, 99.5%, for analysis
Sodium Bicarbonate is buffer commonly used for maintaining the pH of cell culture medium in the presence of 4–10% carbon dioxide.
In addition to buffering, sodium bicarbonate provides some nutritional benefit, while rarely displaying any cell toxicity.
Formulated as 75 g per liter of water, Sodium Bicarbonate, 7.5% Solution is perfect for supplementing dry powder medium during reconstitution.
The final Sodium Bicarbonate concentration used in the medium depends on the media formulation and the carbon dioxide concentration used in the incubator.
Sodium bicarbonate Use
For Research Use Only.
Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Sodium bicarbonate in plastic container
Meylon (TN)
Sodium bicarbonate, 99.7+%, ACS reagent
CCRIS 3064
HSDB 697
Sodium bicarbonate, 99.5%, for biochemistry
Neut (TN)
NSC-134031
EINECS 205-633-8
Sodium bicarbonate solution
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 073505
NSC 134031
Sodium bicarbonate [USP:JAN]
What Is Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate also is known as baking soda.
Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat or prevent excess acid in the blood or urine, a condition affecting some children who have had a liver transplant.
Sodium bicarbonate also can reduce stomach acids, and therefore can be used as an antacid to treat heartburn or indigestion.
Sodium Bicarbonate Dosage
Sodium bicarbonate can be injected or taken by mouth.
Sodium bicarbonate is available as a solution for injection, in powder form, or as tablets.
Take Sodium bicarbonate by mouth, usually every 4 hours as needed or as directed by your doctor.
Some tablets should be dissolved in a glass of water before swallowing.
Other tablets may be swallowed whole or dissolved in water before swallowing.
Follow all directions on the product package for the product you are taking.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
If you are self-treating and your acid problems last or get worse after you have used this product for 2 weeks, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.
If you are using Sodium bicarbonate regularly on a daily basis for more than 2 weeks, you may have a medical problem that needs different treatment.
Ask your doctor if this is the right medication for you.
If your doctor has directed you to take Sodium bicarbonate for acidosis or to alkalinize your urine, your dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
To get the most benefit from Sodium bicarbonate, take Sodium bicarbonate regularly, exactly as directed.
Sodium bicarbonate is usually taken by mouth several times a day.
To help you remember, take Sodium bicarbonate at the same times each day.
Do not increase the dose, take Sodium bicarbonate more often, or continue taking this for longer than prescribed.
How to Properly Take Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate can be taken with or without food.
People who are using Sodium bicarbonate should avoid large amounts of dairy products, which can increase the chance of experiencing side effects.
Missed Doses of Sodium bicarbonate:
If your child misses a dose of sodium bicarbonate, Sodium bicarbonate should be taken as soon as you or your child remembers.
If you remember within two hours of the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your child’s usual dosing schedule.
Do not double the dose to catch up.
sodium bicabonate
sodium bicarbonat
bicarbonate sodium
sodiumbi-carbonate
sodium bi-carbonate
sodium bicarbonate-
Sodium bi carbonate
natriumhydrogencarbonat
CHNaO3
sodium hydrogencabonate
sodiumhydrogen carbonate
PubChem23592
sodium hydrogen cabonate
ACMC-20ajp0
hydrogen carbonate sodium
Sodium bicarbonate, USP
sodium hyd-rogencarbonate
sodium-hydrogen-carbonate
SODIUM BICARBONIATE
EC 205-633-8
CHEMBL1353
INS NO.500(II)
Features of Sodium bicarbonate:
-A mild and weak alkali –
Sodium bicarbonate is a white powder with molecular formula NaHCO3, and pH of 8.5 (1% aqueous solution, 25°C).
Among sodium compounds, Sodium bicarbonate is one of the substances with the lowest alkalinity.
-Sodium bicarbonate can be poured into water as is –
Because the alkalinity is low, Sodium bicarbonate does not exceed the Japanese effluent standard of aqueous solutions (marine areas: between 5.0-9.0, non-marine areas: between 5.8-8.6).
If you use in other countries, please consult your local laws and regulations.
-Sodium bicarbonate has a buffer effect –
Sodium bicarbonate solutions have the effect of moderating pH changes.
-Sodium bicarbonate is a safe inorganic substance –
Among registered and existing chemical substances, Sodium bicarbonate is extremely safe and can be stored in stable form at room temperature and ordinary pressure.
Generic name: sodium bicarbonate
Chemical formula: NaHCO3
Other names: Bicarbonate of soda, baking soda
CSCL Number
1-164 (Na2CO3), 1-310 (carbonated water)
Industrial Safety and Health Act Number
1-164 (Na2CO3), 1-310 (carbonated water)
CAS NO
144-55-8
What are the alternatives for Sodium bicarbonate?
For many years, the form of baking soda most widely available for consumer products was manufactured from refined minerals that were mined from the earth.
While this form of baking soda is natural, Sodium bicarbonate requires several processing steps to create.
Tom’s of Maine Peppermint Baking Soda toothpaste was developed and brought to market at a time when this form of baking soda was the only commercially viable source.
At Tom’s we are always searching for natural ingredients that are minimally processed.
Our Research and Product Development Team has found that Sodium bicarbonate is now possible to obtain commercial quantities of food-grade nahcolite, a naturally occurring form of baking soda.
Consequently, we formulate our baking soda toothpaste and mouthwash to include nahcolite, the most natural form of baking soda available.
Is Sodium bicarbonate the right option for me?
Baking soda has no known toxicity or carcinogenicity.
Sodium bicarbonate has a long history of safe use and is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration.
Tom’s of Maine recognizes that no two people are alike, and even with pure and natural ingredients, some individuals may develop an allergic reaction that is unique to them.
As with any product, be sure to discontinue use if you experience discomfort or other indications that the product may not be appropriate for your individual body chemistry.
Sodium bicarbonate is formed by mixing carbon, sodium, hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
This mixture, also known as baking soda, is actually a type of salt.
Main uses of Sodium bicarbonate:
Pharmaceutical, bath additive, baking powder, animal food, poultry feed additive, chemical raw material, agrochemical, fire-extinguishing agent, aqueous blast cleaning media, exhaust gas neutralising material, etc.
Manufacturing process of Sodium bicarbonate:
There are 2 types of manufacturing processes for sodium bicarbonate: Wet and dry.
Generally, the method used for large-scale production is the wet method in which sodium bicarbonate is precipitated as crystals by infusing carbon dioxide gas into caustic soda derived by electrolysis to cause a reaction, and AGC uses this method to manufacture its sodium bicarbonate.
DTXSID9021269
INS-500(II)
Sodium bicarbonate (JP17/USP)
sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
AMY40219
E-500(II)
Sodium bicarbonate -40-+140 mesh
Sodium bicarbonate, Biochemical Grade
AKOS015836321
AKOS015951222
Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Puratronic?
DB01390
Sodium bicarbonate A.C.S. reagent grade
S304
Bicarbonate, 1M buffer solution, pH 8.0
Bicarbonate, 1M buffer solution, pH 8.5
Sodium bicarbonate administration is a suggested treatment modality for a variety of toxicologic and nontoxicologic conditions such as poisonings by tricyclic antidepressants, toxic alcohols, and salicylates, and other conditions such as hyperkalemia.
The rationale for its use can be divided into several distinct categories, and Sodium bicarbonates method of administration depends on Sodium bicarbonates clinical indication.
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is used primarily to combat acidosis, although Sodium bicarbonate’s the treatment of choice in certain cases of overdose.
Sodium bicarbonate works by mixing with lactic acid that forms in low perfusion states and in periods of inadequate oxygenation, such as shock and cardiac arrest.
Sodium bicarbonate is then converted to a form of carbonic acid that turns into carbon dioxide, and in turn, is expelled through the lungs during ventilation.
Primarily, NaHCO3 works as a buffer by mixing with acids within the body to reduce the acid—base imbalance.
Acidosis can develop when excessive amounts of lactic acid are produced during low perfusion states and in periods of inadequate oxygenation.
In the presence of NaHCO3, the excess acid is converted to a form of carbonic acid, and then into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.
The excess CO2 is expelled through the lungs during ventilation.
Patients who become hypoxic from hypoventilation or poor perfusion are unable to metabolize the products of anaerobic glycolysis, which causes lactic and metabolic acidosis to develop thereby lowering their pH level.
A normal pH is 7.35 to 7.45; a pH less than 7.35 places the patient in a state of acidosis.
During severe acidosis (pH less than 7.2), the heart is more susceptible to v fib and other arrhythmias.
Myocardial contractility is suppressed, hypotension occurs, hepatic blood flow is reduced, and oxygen delivery to tissue is impaired.
The body uses bicarbonate as a buffer to offset the increase in acid production, attempting to maintain homeostasis.
Several studies have challenged whether treating serum acidosis with bicarbonate actually influences the true acidosis, which occurs at the intracellular level.
Formula: NaHCO3
Molecular mass: 84.0
Decomposes at 50°C
Density: 2.1 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 8.7
B7292
FT-0645108
S0561
C12603
D01203
3-Phenyl-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one
Sodium bicarbonate, 1M buffer solution, pH 8.0
Sodium bicarbonate, 1M buffer solution, pH 9.0
Q179731
Sodium bicarbonate, 1M buffer solution, pH 10.0
Sodium bicarbonate, HPLC, Meets ACS Specifications
Sodium bicarbonate 5% w/v solution in water (+/- 0.3%)
Saturated aqueous Sodium bicarbonate solution (~9.6% wt/wt/)