MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL

MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL

MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL

CAS number: 57-55-6
EC number: 200-338-0
Molecular formula: C3H8O2
Molar mass: 76,09 g / mol

Monopropylene glycol (also known as propylene glycol, PG, propan1, 2diol and MPG) is a clear, colourless and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour and has the formula C3H8O2.
Monopropylene glycol is soluble in water and holds hygroscopic properties, meaning Monopropylene glycol can attract hard water molecules.
Monopropylene glycol is used across a wide range of industries as Monopropylene glycol has low toxicity, coupled with a freezing point which is depressed upon mixing with water.

Mono propylene glycol is utilized across many different industries and some chemical manufacturers produce two grades of MPG to meet these varied needs.
The first grade is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
MPG is used as a solvent for food colourings and flavourings.
In the personal care industry Monopropylene glycol is used as a moisturiser in make-up, shampoo, bubble bath and baby wipes, to name but a few examples.
The pharmaceutical industry uses MPG as a solvent in oral, injectable, and topical formulations.
The main application for industrial grade MPG is as an antifreeze and aircraft wing and runway de-icer because the freezing point of MPG lowers upon mixing with water.
Monopropylene glycol is also used in heat transfer liquids such as engine coolants.
Monopropylene glycol can also be used as a chemical intermediate in the production of high performance unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and varnishes.
Monopropylene glycol is also an excellent solvent that is utilised in printing inks and Monopropylene glycol is also used in the manufacture of detergents which are used in the petroleum, sugar-refining, and paper making industries.

MPG is a colorless liquid with steady viscosity and good water absorption.
Monopropylene glycol is nearly odorless, inflammable and minutely toxic.
Monopropylene glycol can be mixed and solved with alcohol, water and various organic agents.

Identified uses Chemical Intermediate
-Antifreeze liquid.
-Industrial Solvent
-Pharmaceuticals
-Food industry
-Cosmetics

Monopropylene Glycol is used for its solvent properties in industry, the personal care market and pharmaceutical industries.
Monopropylene glycol is more widely used as a non toxic anti-freeze, de-icer, heat transfer fluid, a component in hydraulic fluids, and in paints and surface coating industries.
MPG has many special features and benefits including, low freezing point, low flammability, low toxicity, biodegradability, low corrosive nature to metals making it an excellent substitute for ethylene glycol.

Monopropylene glycol Applications:
MPG is the raw material for preparing unsaturated polyester resin, plasticizer, surface active agent, emulsifying agent and demulsifying agent.
Monopropylene glycol can also be used as mould inhibitor, antiseptic for fruit, ice inhibitor and moisture preserving agent for tobacco.

Mono Propylene Glycol (MPG) serves as a solvent, connects and stabilises insoluble fluids, reduces the freezing point in water, increases the boiling point, and offers outstanding stability with high flash and boiling points.
MPG is chemically neutral, i.e. Monopropylene glycol usually does not react with other substances.
MPG is used as a humecant in food and cosmetics to maintain moisture levels in products.
These can include marshmallows, coconut flakes, shampoo and baby wipes along with many other products.
MPG is used as an antifreeze for various reasons, including as an engine coolant additive, home water pipes and food processing systems.
Because MPG is non toxic, Monopropylene glycol is safe to use in food applications where accidental ingestion may occur.
This gives MPG a huge advantage over other antifreezes.

Mono propylene glycol (also known as propylene glycol, PG, propan1, 2diol and MPG) is a clear, colourless, and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour.
Monopropylene glycol has the formula C3H8O, is soluble in water, and has hygroscopic properties.
MPG is used across a wide range of industries as Monopropylene glycol has low toxicity, coupled with a freezing point which is depressed upon mixing with water.

Monopropylene glycol is a transparent, colorless, sticky liquid with a specific odor.
Monopropylene glycol is water-soluble and has hygroscopic properties.
Owing to Monopropylene glycols low toxicity Monopropylene glycol is used in many industry branches.

Method of obtaining
Monopropylene glycol is obtained by hydrating the propylene oxide.
Currently, two production methods are used:§ a non-catalytic, high-temperature process at 200-220°C § a catalytic process at 150-180°C in the presence of ion-exchanging resin or a small quantity of sulphuric acid or alkali Monopropylene glycol can also be obtained from glycerin as a product remaining after the biodiesel production.
Monopropylene Glycol is mainly used as feedstock for the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins but also as a solvent, humectant and preservative in food and tobacco products.

Application
Monopropylene glycol is widely used, among others, in the food industry, chemical industry, medicine and pharmacy.
In food processing, monopropylene glycol is used as a preservative (E1520) or emulsifier, and as a dye and aroma component.
In the production of beauty products Monopropylene glycol is used as a solvent yielding the product the desired consistency and as a skin moistener.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Monopropylene glycol is used as a carrier of the active substance of the drug.Monopropylene glycol is commonly used to produce antifreezes.
Monopropylene glycol can also be used as a chemical half-product to produce high-quality unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and varnishes.

Storage and transport
Monopropylene glycol is stored in stainless steel containers and can be transported in tank cars.
Monopropylene glycol is not classified as a hazardous product in transport.

Substance name:1,2-propanediol
Trade name:Monopropyleneglycol tech
EC no:200-338-0
CAS no:57-55-6
HS code:29053200
KH product code:100040
Formula:C3H8O2

Monopropylene Glycol (MPG) is a high performance heat transfer fluid designed for use in indirect cooling in food processing and beverage cooling applications.
MPG fluids have been specifically designed to deliver higher resistance to degradation, scale, bacterial growth and corrosion, with inclusion of a specially designed food grade corrosion inhibitor.

Product Features & Benefits
-Offer excellent freeze protection, cleaner circuits, efficient heat transfers and long term cost benefits to system maintenance
-MPG provides superior corrosion protection as it contains highly efficient inhibitors; uninhibited glycols can cause corrosion of metals
-The MPG fluid is a greenish blue liquid that has a temperature range of -35oC to 120oC
-This heat transfer fluid is tested to and exceeds the ASTM D1384-05 corrosion test standard
-For a list of compatible materials, suitable for use with MPG, please contact A‑Gas
-MPG is mostly supplied in concentrate form. Diluted product available on request

Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a basic building block used for applications that require chemical intermediates for resins, solvent couplers, freezing point depression solvents and humectants and chemical intermediates, such as automotive antifreeze and coolants, resins, water-based adhesives, latex paints and asphalt emulsions, electrolytic capacitors, textile fibres, paper and leather.
Monopropylene glycol (MPG) industrial grade is a high-purity material, having a wide range of practical applications.
PGI is a colorless, water soluble, medium viscosity, hygroscopic liquid with a low vapour pressure and low toxicity.
Monopropylene glycol is widely employed as a solvent, heat transfer medium or chemical intermediate in numerous industries.
Monopropylene Glycol EP/USP, referring to the European and USA Pharmacopoeias, is a high-purity grade of monopropylene glycol for use in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, personal care, flavour and fragrance, plus a variety of other applications.
PG USP/EP is Kosher certified and complies with Halal requirements.
Monoethanolamine (MEA) offers a broad spectrum of application opportunities, namely in surfactants, personal care products, textile finishing and wood treating.
Other applications include use in oil well chemicals and in metalworking to prevent corrosion, and as catalysts that promote stability during the reaction process in the manufacture of flexible and rigid urethane foams.

What Is Monopropylene Glycol?
Mono propylene glycol (also known as propylene glycol, propylene glycol mono, PG, propan1 and MPG) is a clear, colourless and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour and has the formula C3H8O.
This solvent is soluble in water, meaning Monopropylene glycol has the ability to attract hard water molecules.
Monopropylene glycol is used across a wide range of industries as it has low toxicity, coupled with a freezing point which is depressed upon mixing with water.

Is Monopropylene glycol the same as Propylene glycol?
Yes, PG (Propylene Glycol) is just another name for MPG (Monopropylene Glycol) so it is exactly the same chemical.

Characteristics propylene glycol
-Acts as a solvent.
-Connects and stabilizes insoluble liquids. (Emulsifier)
-Helps to connect and transport other materials. (excipient)
-Holds and dissolves active ingredients evenly in one environment.
-Absorbs and retains water and moisture.
-Reduces the freezing point.
-Increases the boiling point.
-Offers extraordinary stability with high strengths and boils.

Technical Properties
Chemical and physical properties of mono propylene glycol:
Molecular Formula: C3H8O2 / CH3CH(OH)CH2OH
Synonyms: MPG, Propylene Glycol, PG, Propan1, 2diol, Propane-1,2-Diol, 1,2-Dihydroxypropane 1,2Propandiol
Cas Number: 57-55-6
Molecular Mass: 76.095 g·mol−1
Exact Mass: 76.052429 g/mol
Flashpoint: 210 °F / 98.9 °C
Boiling Point: 370.8 °F / 188.2 °C
Melting Point: −74 °F / −59 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.13 mm Hg at 25 °C
Water Solubility: Miscible
Density: 1.0361 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Log P: -1.34

What are the uses of Monopropylene Glycol?
Monopropylene Glycol (MPG) has a place in various industries due to Monopropylene glycols relatively low toxicity.
We have Monopropylene glycol available in two grades.
Industrial Grade MPG is primarily used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins which are used to make items such as bath tubs, small boats, chemical/water tanks and pipes.
Additional applications include paints and coatings, aeroplane de-icers, antifreeze, coolants, detergents and hydraulic fluids.
United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) Grade MPG has a minimum purity of 99.8%.
Monopropylene glycol has a variety of potential applications including food, drink, flavourings, pharmaceutical and personal care products.
Monopropylene glycol is also used in e-cigarette products or ‘vape’ products.

How is Monopropylene glycol produced?
Mono propylene glycol is produced from propylene oxide.
The most common process is by the non-catalytic hydrolysis of propylene oxide in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
The second method is the catalytic one, which can proceed at 150 °C, in the presence of ion exchange resin, or a small amount of sulphuric acid or alkali.
Monopropylene glycol can also be produced from glycerol which is a bio-diesel by-product.
The demand for, and consumption of, mono propylene glycol is high with an estimated 1.2 million tonnes produced yearly by plants situated around the world.

Mono propylene glycol also known as propylene glycol, PG, propan1, 2diol, MPG is a clear, colourless, and viscous liquid with a characteristic odour and the molecular formula C3H8O2, CAS: 57-55-6.
Monopropylene glycol is soluble in water, and has hygroscopic properties.

Production
Mono propylene glycol is produced from propylene oxide.
The most common process is by the non-catalytic hydrolysis of propylene oxide in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
The second method is the catalytic one, which can proceed at 150 °C, in the presence of ion exchange resin, or a small amount of sulphuric acid or alkali.
Monopropylene glycol can also be produced from glycerol which is a bio-diesel by-product.
The demand for, and consumption of, mono propylene glycol is high with an estimated 1.2 million tonnes produced yearly by plants situated around the world.
Monopropylene glycol has a flash point of 103 °C and a specific gravity of 1.04.

How is Monopropylene glycol handled, stored distributed?
Mono propylene glycol is stored and moved in stainless steel or mild steel tanks and can be transported by tank trucks.
Monopropylene glycol is not classified as dangerous for any mode of transport and is not hazardous to health.
Monopropylene glycol has a flash point of 103 °C (closed cup) and a specific gravity of 1.04.

Monopropylene Glycol Uses
There are many uses for mono propylene glycol across many different industries and some chemical manufacturers produce two grades of MPG to meet these varied needs.

Consumer uses
The first grade is used in the food industry for food colourings and flavourings and is also a classified humectant food additive (E1520).
There are also many applications in the cosmetics industry that use this solvent, specifically personal care products including shampoos, bubble baths, baby wipes and as a moisturiser in make-up.

Industry uses of Monopropylene glycol:
The second is industrial grade MPG which has a variety of uses but the main application is as an antifreeze and aircraft wing and runway de-icer which is because its freezing point lowers upon mixing with water.
Monopropylene glycol is also used in heat transfer liquids such as engine coolants.
Monopropylene Glycol is additionally used in the pharmaceutical industry, examples include as a chemical intermediate in the production of high-performance unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and varnishes and as an excellent solvent utilised in printing inks.
Monopropylene glycol is also used in the manufacturing of non-ionic detergents which are used in the petroleum, sugar-refining, and papermaking industries, the cryonics industry and as an additive in pipe tobacco, preventing dehydration.

Monopropylene glycol (MPG) is used in various industries because of Monopropylene glycols physical properties, Monopropylene glycols low freezing point and good digestibility.
The main fields of application for technical grade MPG are polyester resins used in the automotive industry and in shipbuilding, for example.
Other technical fields of application are laundry detergents and antifreeze products, where MPG is used due to the fact that Monopropylene glycol is non-toxic.
For food grade MPG, the main field of application is in cosmetics, where Monopropylene glycol is used as a moisture regulator.
Food grade MPG accounts for approx. 43% of total consumption worldwide.

What is Monopropylene Glycol (MPG)?
Monopropylene Glycol (MPG) is a derivative of Propylene Oxide (PO) and is produced in a twostep process.
The first step is the reaction of PO with water into a mixture of MPG and Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) and the second step is the distillation and purification of the mixture into its two separate components (MPG and DPG) with MPG being the main component.
Shell Chemical companies supply MPG in two different qualities: the industrial grade and the Unites States Pharmacopoeia (USP) grade, which is produced applying Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as described for pharmaceutical excipients.
MPG is a colourless, viscous and odourless liquid.
Monopropylene glycol is highly hygroscopic and miscible in all ratios with water, alcohols, esters, ketones and amines.
Monopropylene glycol has limited miscibility with halogenated hydrocarbons and is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons.

USES FOR PROPYLENE GLYCOL:
-Making Diffuser oils (see below for details)
-For use in solar boilers / heaters as a heat transfer fluid.
-To use dilute the propylene glycol 1:1 with water.
-Non-toxic antifreeze and coolant for engines.
-Substitute for ethylene glycol and glycerol.
-A lubricant and antifreeze for hydraulic and brake systems.
-Monopropylene Glycol is used in the manufacture of synthetic alkyd resins found in paints, enamels and varnishes.
-Propylene glycol is used in making polyester compounds and as a solvent in the paint and plastics industries.
-As a solvent for dyes, resins and inks used in high speed printing presses.
-Monopropylene glycol is used to create artificial smoke or fog for theatrical uses.
-To regulate humidity in a cigar humidor.
-As a carrier for fragrance oils.
-As a coolant in liquid cooling systems.
-MPG is used as a coolant in ice skating rinks.
-Dehydrating fluid for use in the natural gas processing industry.
-In the manufacture of paintballs.
-As a solvent in photographic chemicals like film developers.

CAS number: 57-55-6
PubChem: 1030
ChemSpider: 13835224
UNII: 6DC9Q167V3
Chebi: 16997
CHEMBL286398
RTECS number: TY6300000
ATCvet code: QA16QA01
Molecular formula: C3H8O2
Molar mass: 76,09 g / mol
Density: 1.036 g / cm ³
Melting point: -59 ° C (-74 ° F)
Boiling point: 188.2 ° C (370.8 ° F)
Solubility in water: Completely miscible
Ethanol solubility: completely miscible
Diethyl ether solubility: completely miscible
Acetone solubility: completely miscible
Chloroform solubility: completely miscible
Thermal conductivity: 0.34 W / m-K (50% H2O at 90 ° C (194 ° F))
Other names: 1-2 propandiol

Chemical formula C3H8O2 is a clear solvent which is miscible in all proportions with its low volatility of colorless water of low purity.
Polypropylene glycol is a microbicide that is approximately equal to ethanol.
Generally, the desired effect is obtained with a concentration in the range 15-30%.
In order to meet the needs of the cosmetic industry, Monopropylene glycol is produced with high purity and odorless properties.

Monopropylene glycol Production and Reactions
Propylene glycol; propylene oxide.
Methane and sludge can be obtained by reaction with oxygen.
C3H8O2 4 O2? 3 CO2 4 H2O energy

Monopropylene glycol Usage areas
Water
Monopropylene glycol is used in aerobic or anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing mono propylene glycol.

Monopropylene glycol Bakery Products
Monopropylene glycol is widely used in the formulations in the production stage in this sector.

Propylene Glycol is mainly used as a:
-Non-corrosive anti-freeze additive
-Substitute for ethylene glycol
-De-icing fluid of air craft
-Refrigerant
-Solvent
-Chemical feedstock
-Plasticizer
-Surfactant of pesticides

Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.
Monopropylene glycol is a viscous, colorless liquid which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste.
Chemically Monopropylene glycol is classed as a diol and is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform.
Monopropylene glycol is produced on a large scale and is primarily used in the production of polymers, but also sees use in food processing, and as a process fluid in low-temperature heat-exchange applications.
In the European Union, Monopropylene glycol has the E-number E1520 for food applications.
For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490.
Propylene glycol is also present in propylene glycol alginate which known as E405.
The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-propylene glycol to distinguish Monopropylene glycol from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-propylene glycol.

Monopropylene glycol Contents
-Structure and properties
– Production
-Industrial
-Laboratory
-Applications
-Safety in humans
-Oral administration
-Skin, eye and inhalation contact
-Intravenous administration
-Animals
-Allergic reaction
-Environmental
-References
-External links

Structure and properties
Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless and hygroscopic liquid.
Propylene glycol contains an asymmetrical carbon atom, so it exists in two enantiomers.
The commercial product is a racemic mixture.
Pure optical isomers can be obtained by hydration of optically pure propylene oxide.
The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with propylene glycol, owing to the effects of dissolution of a solute in a solvent (freezing-point depression).
In general, glycols are non-corrosive, have very low volatility and very low toxicity; however, the closely related ethylene glycol (a key ingredient in antifreeze) is toxic to humans and to many animals.

Production
Industrial
Industrially, propylene glycol is produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use), and global capacity in 1990 was 900,000 tonnes per year.
Different manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali.

1,2-Propandiol Synthesis V1.svg
Final products contain 20% propylene glycol, 1.5% of dipropylene glycol and small amounts of other polypropylene glycols.
Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade propylene glycol that is typically 99.5% or greater.
Propylene glycol can also be converted from glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct.
This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product

Cosmetic
There is a wide range of use in mouthwashes, mouthwashes, toothpastes, ointments, skin creams, shampoos and perfumes (solutions containing propylene glycol remain generally clear, even when diluted too much with water).

Lubrication
Monopropylene glycol is used in the lubrication of freezing machines and machines used in the cosmetics industry.

Chemistry
Monopropylene glycol is used as extractor to obtain active extracts from natural extracts.

How is Monopropylene Glycol (MPG) Used?
The most important end use of MPG industrial grade is in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, which, in turn, are used to make everyday items such as bath tubs, small boats and water/chemical tanks and pipes.
Other end use application areas are paints and coatings; airplane de-icers/anti-icers; antifreeze and industrial coolants; detergents; hydraulic fluids.
Monopropylene glycol USP grade is used in food, beverage and animal feed, in pharmaceuticals as an excipient (inactive ingredient or carrier in a pharmaceutical product), in cosmetics and personal care products.
The application of MPG USP for direct injections into the blood system is not allowed.
Likewise, Monopropylene glycol is not for use in cat food because of a species-specific effect on blood cells of cats.
Use of MPG USP in tobacco applications and electronic cigarettes is not supported.
For both MPG industrial and MPG USP grades, the use in theatrical fogs and artificial smoke generation is also not supported.
Health, Safety and Environmental Considerations MPG has low acute toxicity by oral, dermal or inhalation routes.
Monopropylene glycol is non-irritating to skin and eyes from animal studies.

Some mild irritation effects were observed with human volunteers, but will not trigger classification.
There is low concern for skin sensitisation and there are no reports of respiratory sensitisation although there is extensive exposure to this substance given the wide spectrum of professional and consumer uses.
MPG is not considered to be carcinogenic or genotoxic, nor does it have effects on fertility or reproduction.
The US Food and Drug Administration designates MPG as GRAS, ‘generally regarded as safe’.
As such, MPG made to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards may be used in food, food packaging, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
In the European Union (EU), MPG USP is not cleared as a foodstuff or general-purpose food additive.
MPG is readily biodegradable, does not bio-accumulate and is of very low toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Monopropylene glycol not classified as flammable, but will burn at temperatures over 200 to 244°F/90 to 120°C.

Common uses:  Mono Propylene Glycol can be used as a food grade antifreeze, cleaning agent, and in pharmaceutical formulations.
Monopropylene glycol is produced by reacting propylene oxide with water.
Monopropylene glycol is widely used for its solvent properties in the pharmaceutical, food, flavour and personal care industries.
Monopropylene glycol is more widely used as an anti-freeze/de-icer, grinding aid, heat transfer fluid, component in hydraulic fluids, humectant, and surface coating industries.

Storing and Transporting Monopropylene Glycol (MPG)
MPG is transported by tank truck and vessel as bulk and packaged (drums, intermediate bulk containers (IBC) products.
The MPG USP grade needs specific attention regarding product quality and purity.
Therefore, dedicated equipment and specific cleaning procedures as well as stringent controls throughout the whole supply chain are necessary.
MPG is hygroscopic and requires storage equipped with drying devices to protect the product from humidity.
Nitrogen blanketing compatible to USP requirements is the preferred means of keeping the product dry and ensuring Monopropylene glycols shelf life.
Storage temperature should not exceed 104°F /40°C and the product should not be stored in direct sunlight.
In cold climates, tank heating devices and insulation must be installed.

Mono Propylene Glycol, commonly referred to as Propylene Glycol but also referred to as Propane-1,2-diol, MPG, PG and Food Safe Glycol.
Propylene Glycol has for many years been the go-to glycol for use in food and beverage processing systems or where there is a requirement for a non-toxic classification.
E.g. where the specifier or end user wants to eliminate any risk of accidental poisoning, as might occur with mixtures of water and Ethylene Glycol.

Mono propylene glycol (with or without the space), is a viscous, colourless and odourless liquid.
Monopropylene glycol carries hygroscopic properties (readily attracts moisture from the air) and is miscible in all rations with water, alcohols, esters, ketones and amines.

Is Monopropylene glycol the same as Propylene glycol?
Yes, PG (Propylene Glycol) is just another name for MPG (Monopropylene Glycol) so Monopropylene glycol is exactly the same chemical.

Synonyms, Trade Names
PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PROPAN 1, 2 DIOL, DOWCAL 20, DOWCAL N , 1, 2
PROPYLENE GLYCOL CARE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL INDUSTRIAL GRADE,
MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL PH , MPG STANDARD, PROPYLENE GLYCOLUSP
GRADE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL TECHNICAL GRADE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
USP/EP, KOLLISOLV PG

Monopropylene Glycol (MPG) is a derivative of Propylene Oxide (PO) and is produced in a twostep process.
The first step is the reaction of PO with water into a mixture of MPG and Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) and the second step is the distillation and purification of the mixture into its two separate components (MPG and DPG) with MPG being the main component.
Shell Chemical companies supply MPG in two different qualities: the industrial grade and the Unites States Pharmacopoeia (USP) grade, which is produced applying Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as described for pharmaceutical excipients.
MPG is a colourless, viscous and odourless liquid.
Monopropylene glycol is highly hygroscopic and miscible in all ratios with water, alcohols, esters, ketones and amines.
Monopropylene glycol has limited miscibility with halogenated hydrocarbons and is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons.

What grades of Monopropylene Glycol are there?
Monarch Chemicals are a leading UK supplier of monopropylene glycol and offer three different grades suitable for a whole range of applications.

Mono Propylene Glycol USP: With an extremely high purity, this grade of MPG has uses across food, flavourings, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and e-cigarette industries.
Mono Propylene Glycol Technical Grade: The grade of MPG is commonly used in anti-freeze, coolant, de-icing products and as a chiller glycol.
Mono Propylene Glycol Feed Grade: This grade of MPG is European produced and registered under FEMAS (Feed Materials Assurance Scheme) for use in livestock feed applications.

What is Mono Propylene Glycol used for?
There are a wide range of uses for MPG across a variety of different industries including use in agriculture, cosmetics, coolants, de-icers, e-cigarette and vape products, pharmaceutical, personal care and in the production of a number of end products including paints and inks.
Mono Propylene Glycol in animal feed: Monopropylene glycol works to assist in the formulation of glucose to rebalance negative energy experienced in dairy carrel, particularly during periods of calving.
Monopropylene glycol can be administered to dairy cows orally via drencher, in conjunction with a robotic system or mixed with feed.
MPG serves as a readily available energy source in ketosis treatment and prevention and has an energy value of 23.6 Mj/Kg
Mono Propylene Glycol in vape juice: Mono Propylene Glycol USP is used in vape juice as a carrier, effectively transporting more flavour in your vape than vegetable glycerine (VG).

Product details
CAS-No. 57-55-6
EINECS-No. 200-338-0
Chemical formula: C3H8O2

Trade name: Monopropyleneglycol (MPG)

Snyonyms: Propane-1,2-diol | Propylene glycol | α-Propylene glycol | 1,2-Propanediol | 1,2-Dihydroxypropane | Methyl ethyl glycol (MEG)
Application of the substance / the preparation: Raw material for the production of plastics and synthetic resins.
Antifreeze, Plasticizer, Detergents, Disinfectant, Solvents, Corrosion inhibitors

Monopropylene glycol also provides that ‘throat hit’ a lot of ex-smokers look for.
Mono Propylene Glycol in cosmetics and personal care products: Monopropylene glycol USP is widely used in most cosmetic and personal care products including moisturisers, shampoos, shower gels, fragrances and soaps.
Because of Monopropylene glycols hygroscopic properties Monopropylene glycol retains moisture therefore enhancing the appearance of skin.
In perfumes Monopropylene glycol carries fragrance and, as an odourless and colourless chemical Monopropylene glycol is used as a diluent.
Mono Propylene Glycol in food and drink: Monopropylene Glycol is found in many prepared and long-life foods to maintain moisture and preserve quality.

Mono Propylene Glycol in de-icers: Propylene Glycol based de-icing fluids, particularly in airplane de-icer, are often a mix of water, corrosion inhibitors and propylene glycol which work to remove ice and snow whilst also acting as a freezing point depressant (The freezing point of MPG lowers once mixed with water).
Variants of Monopropylene glycol contain thickening agents to help Monopropylene glycol adhere to surfaces to help reduce the amount of ice that forms between take-off and landing.
Glycols in heat transfer fluid: In heat transfer liquids monopropylene glycol is added for Monopropylene glycols freeze protection and, as a non-toxic glycol compared to other glycols (ethylene glycol) can be safely used in applications where there may be incidental food contact (for example in immersion wort chillers in brewing where a cooling coil runs through conditioning tanks to control temperature during fermentation).
Glycols also maintain consistent water-flow at the chosen operating temperature; however, Monopropylene glycol is important to use a glycol with added inhibitors (such as Monarch’s MonCool range of inhibited glycols) in order to reduce the formation of scale and risk of corrosion to protect the metal.
Other uses of Monopropylene glycol include use in the production of polyester resins, as an ingredient in special effect fog machine liquids and in the manufacture of paints, inks, surface coatings and lubricants.

Monopropylene Glycol (MPG) is a derivative of Propylene Oxide (PO) and is produced in a two step process.
The first step is the reaction of PO with water into a mixture of MPG and Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) and the second step is the distillation and purification of the mixture into its two separate components (MPG and DPG) with MPG being the main component.

Propylene glycol is a synthetic food additive that belongs to the same chemical group as alcohol.
Monopropylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, slightly syrupy liquid that is a bit thicker than water.
Monopropylene glycol has practically no taste (1Trusted Source).
Additionally, Monopropylene glycol can dissolve some substances better than water and is also good at retaining moisture.
This makes Monopropylene glycol very useful as a food additive, so Monopropylene glycol can be found in a wide variety of processed foods and drinks.

Other names Monopropylene glycol is known by include:
1,2-propanediol
1,2-dihydroxypropane
Methyl ethyl glycol
Trimethyl glycol
Propylene glycol is sometimes confused with ethylene glycol, as both have been used in antifreeze due to their low melting points.
However, these are not the same substance.
Ethylene glycol is highly toxic to humans and is not used in food products.

Propylene glycol is a synthetic, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that belongs to the same chemical class as alcohol.
Monopropylene glycol should not be confused with the toxic substance ethylene glycol.

Where and How Is Monopropylene glycol Used?
Propylene glycol is commonly used as an additive to aid in the processing of foods and improve their texture, flavor, appearance and shelf life.

In foods, propylene glycol may be used in the following ways:
Anti-caking agent: Monopropylene glycol helps prevent food components from sticking to one another and forming clumps, such as in dried soups or grated cheese.
Antioxidant: Monopropylene glycol extends the shelf life of foods by protecting them against deterioration caused by oxygen.
Carrier: Monopropylene glycol dissolves other food additives or nutrients to be used in processing, such as colors, flavors or antioxidants.
Dough strengthener: Monopropylene glycol modifies the starches and gluten in dough to make Monopropylene glycol more stable.

Emulsifier: Monopropylene glycol prevents food ingredients from separating, such as oil and vinegar in salad dressing.
Moisture preserver: Monopropylene glycol helps foods maintain a stable level of moisture and stops them from drying out.
Examples include marshmallows, coconut flakes and nuts.
Processing aid: Monopropylene glycol is used to enhance the appeal or the use of a food, for example, to make a liquid clearer.
Stabilizer and thickener: Monopropylene glycol can be used to hold food components together or thicken them during and after processing.
Texturizer: Monopropylene glycol can change the appearance or mouthfeel of a food.

Synonyms:
1,2-dihydroxypropane
1,2-propylene glycol
2,3-propanediol
alpha-propylene glycol
DOWFROST
methyl ethylene glycol
methylethyl glycol
monopropylene glycol
MPG (=monopropylene glycol)

For use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
MPG is used a solvent for foodcolourings and flavourings, Monopropylene glycol also a classifed humectant food additive (E1520).
Monopropylene glycol can be used in electronic cigarettes too.
In the personal care industry Monopropylene glycol is used as a moisturiser in make-up, shampoo, bubble bath and wet wipes to name but a few examples.
The pharmaceutical industry uses MPG as a solvent in oral, injectable and tropical formulations.
Monopropylene glycol is clear, colourles and practically odourless, hygroscopic liquid, completely soluble in water.

Monopropylene glycol is a colorless and odorless compound which is generally known as propane-1, 2-diol.
Monopropylene glycol is an artificial organic compound and a derivative of propylene oxide.
The low toxicity of the monopropylene glycol enables Monopropylene glycols use in different end user industries.
Monopropylene glycol is used in the antifreezes, industrial coolants and others.
The food grade monopropylene glycol is used in the food industry as food coloring and food additives.
The other primary use of the monopropylene is in paints and varnishes such as bath tubs and small boats.
Monopropylene glycol also used as liquid engine coolants.

Monopropylene glycol is widely used as an intermediate solvent to produce superior-performance unsaturated polyester resins used in varnishes and paints.
Apart from this, monopropylene glycol is also used in the production of various cosmetic products such as soaping agents, shampoos, baby wipes, bubble baths, and moisturizer.
This signifies demand potential for the global monopropylene glycol market.

Production
Mono propylene glycol is produced from propylene oxide.
The most common process is by the non-catalytic hydrolysis of propylene oxide in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
The second method is the catalytic one, which can proceed at 150 °C, in the presence of ion exchange resin, or a small amount of sulphuric acid or alkali.
Monopropylene glycol can also be produced from glycerol which is a bio-diesel by-product.
The demand for, and consumption of, mono propylene glycol is high with an estimated 1.2 million tonnes produced yearly by plants situated around the world.

USES FOR PROPYLENE GLYCOL:
-Making Diffuser oils (see below for details)
-For use in solar boilers / heaters as a heat transfer fluid. To use dilute the propylene glycol 1:1 with water.
-Non-toxic antifreeze and coolant for engines.
-Substitute for ethylene glycol and glycerol.
-A lubricant and antifreeze for hydraulic and brake systems.
-Monopropylene Glycol is used in the manufacture of synthetic alkyd resins found in paints, enamels and varnishes.
-Propylene glycol is used in making polyester compounds and as a solvent in the paint and plastics industries.
-As a solvent for dyes, resins and inks used in high speed printing presses.
-Monopropylene glycol is used to create artificial smoke or fog for theatrical uses.
-To regulate humidity in a cigar humidor.
-As a carrier for fragrance oils.
-As a coolant in liquid cooling systems.
-MPG is used as a coolant in ice skating rinks.
-Dehydrating fluid for use in the natural gas processing industry.
-In the manufacture of paintballs.
-As a solvent in photographic chemicals like film developers.

Industrial grade MPG also has a variety of uses but the main application is as an antifreeze and aircraft wing and runway de-icer.
This is because the freezing point of MPG lowers upon mixing with water.
Monopropylene glycol is also used in heat transfer liquids such as engine coolants.

Monopropylene glycol can also be used as a chemical intermediate in the production of high performance unsaturated polyester resins used in paints and  varnishes.
Monopropylene glycol is also an excellent solvent that is utilised in printing inks and Monopropylene glycol is also used in the manufacture of non-ionic detergents which are used in the petroleum, sugar-refining, and paper making industries.
Monopropylene glycol can also be used in the cryonics industry and can be used as an additive in pipe tobacco as Monopropylene glycol prevents dehydration.

Monopropylene glycol is a colourless, viscus particularly odourless liquid with a sweet taste.
Monopropylene glycol is highly hygroscopic and miscible with water in all dilutions.
Monopropylene glycol is also miscible with alcohols, esters ketone and amines.
Limited miscibility in halogenated hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

PG 12
propane-1,2-diol
propylene glycol
propylene glycol USP
SIRLENE
SOLAR WINTER BAN
SOLARGARD P
Substances with a flash-point above 60 °C and not more than 100 °C
Substances with a flash-point above 60 °C and not more than 100 °C, which do not belong to another class
trimethyl glycol
UCAR 35